[triggers] Fix React 17 support

[atomiks]

• I have followed (at least) the PR section of the contributing guide.

Fixes #3300

The id should always exist from the useBaseUiId util, so this throw doesn't need to happen following the switch to the effect instead of callback ref.

[pkg-pr-new]

vite-css-base-ui-example

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/mui/base-ui/@base-ui-components/react@3315

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/mui/base-ui/@base-ui-components/utils@3315

commit: 94cce76

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[mui-bot]

Bundle size report

Bundle	Parsed size	Gzip size
@base-ui-components/react	▼-36B(-0.01%)	▼-15B(-0.01%)

Details of bundle changes

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✅ Deploy Preview for base-ui ready!

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