Disable npm lifecycle scripts and security hardening improvements

[tobias-jarvelov]

This PR will:

• Upgrade npm to 11.12.1
• Add .npmrc to:
  • Disable npm lifecycle scripts, i.e. preinstall, postinstall et al. (ignore-scripts)
  • Set a dependency version's minimum age to 1 day (min-release-age)
  • Security hardening dependency installations to not allow git dependencies. (allow-git)
    • The main reason for excluding git dependencies is that the repository could contain a .npmrc file which could override the path to the git binary, which would allow for execution of arbitrary binaries.
• Add shell scripts to replace the pre/postinstall operations required.
  • Add ci and install npm scripts to desktop/package.json to replace their counterparts.
  • Update usage of npm ci and npm install to npm run ci and npm run install respectively.

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Edit:
Pushed a tag for a test build: test-disable-npm-lifecycle-scripts

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This change is 

[linear]

DES-2809 Disable `npm` lifecycle scripts

[olmoh]

LGTM