Support error handling without exceptions #432

Job	Run time
cpp (ubuntu, no_sanitizers, no_exceptions, gcc)	29s
cpp (ubuntu, asan_ubsan, no_exceptions, gcc)	29s
cpp (ubuntu, asan_ubsan, with_exceptions, clang)	18s
cpp (ubuntu, asan_ubsan, no_exceptions, clang)	24s
cpp (ubuntu, no_sanitizers, with_exceptions, gcc)	26s
cpp (ubuntu, asan_ubsan, with_exceptions, gcc)	29s
cpp (ubuntu, no_sanitizers, with_exceptions, clang)	18s
cpp (windows, no_sanitizers, with_exceptions, msvc)	21s
python (ubuntu, 3.9)	1m 19s
cpp (ubuntu, no_sanitizers, no_exceptions, clang)	14s
cpp (macos, no_sanitizers, no_exceptions, clang)	16s
cpp (windows, no_sanitizers, no_exceptions, msvc)	21s
cpp (macos, no_sanitizers, with_exceptions, clang)	1s
python (ubuntu, 3.10)	1m 22s
python (ubuntu, 3.12)	1m 24s
python (ubuntu, 3.11)	1m 22s
python (windows, 3.10)	3m 20s
python (ubuntu, 3.13)	1m 24s
python (windows, 3.9)	2m 56s
python (macos, 3.10)	1m 35s
python (macos, 3.9)	1m 34s
python (macos, 3.13)	1m 31s
python (macos, 3.12)	1m 20s
python (windows, 3.13)	2m 14s
python (windows, 3.11)	2m 8s
python (windows, 3.12)	2m 42s
python (macos, 3.11)	1m 18s
	31m 35s

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