Money2

Money2 is a high-precision Dart library for representing, parsing, formatting, and performing arithmetic on monetary values and currencies.

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Overview

Money2 provides safe, precise, and expressive handling of money and currencies. It’s designed for business and financial applications where accuracy and predictability are essential — no floating-point rounding surprises.

Key Features

• Fixed-precision storage for accurate financial math
• Multi-currency support, including custom currencies
• Safe arithmetic using the Fixed decimal type
• Simple parsing and formatting via a clear pattern syntax
• Common currencies generated from ISO data
• Configurable symbols, separators, and decimal digits
• Comprehensive documentation and examples
• JSON serialization and deserialization
• Pure Dart implementation
• Open Source (MIT)
• Using Money2 may even make you taller (unverified claim)

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Sponsors

Money2 is sponsored by OnePub, the private Dart package repository.
You can support Money2 by supporting OnePub.

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How Money2 Handles Currencies

Money2 separates the currency definition from the monetary amount, allowing you to reuse and customize currency definitions.

CommonCurrencies

Money2 ships with a full list of world currencies. You can view the complete list in
Common Currency List.

You can also create your own currencies or override existing definitions.

Common currencies are used implicitly or explicitly when parsing monetary amounts.

Implicit

Money2 will recognize ISO currency codes (e.g. USD) from the registered CommonCurrencies list and automatically use the correct currency.

Money amount = Currencies.parse(r'$USD10.00');

Explicit

Each of the following methods produces a Money object containing 10 US dollars:

Money amount = Money.parseWithCurrency(r'$USD10.00', CommonCurrencies().usd);
Money amount = Money.parseWithCurrency(r'$10.00', CommonCurrencies().usd);
Money amount = Money.parse(r'$USD10.00', isoCode: 'USD');
Money amount = Money.parse(r'$10.00', isoCode: 'USD');

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Defining a Custom Currency

You can define your own currencies using Currency.create.

Each Currency defines:

• ISO code — e.g. USD, EUR, JPY
• decimalDigits — number of minor-unit digits (e.g. 2 for cents)
• symbol — e.g. $, €, ¥
• pattern — default output pattern (e.g. S#,##0.00)
• groupSeparator / decimalSeparator — display separators
• Optional metadata: name, unit, country

final usd = Currency.create(
  'USD',
  3, // three decimal places
  symbol: r'$',
  pattern: 'S#,##0.000', // three decimal places
  country: 'United States',
  unit: 'Dollar',
  name: 'United States Dollar',
);

// Now use your custom currency
Money amount = Money.parseWithCurrency(r'$10.000', usd);

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Overriding CommonCurrencies

When parsing an amount that includes an ISO code, the parser searches all registered currencies for a match.
The CommonCurrencies list is automatically registered, but you can register additional currencies or override existing ones.

For example, you might want to increase the number of decimal places:

Currencies().registerList([
  Currency.create('USD', 4, pattern: 'S#,###.####'),
  Currency.create('EUR', 4, decimalSeparator: ',', groupSeparator:'.'
      , pattern: 'S#,###.####'),
]);

final amount = Currencies().parse(r'$EUR1500');
print(amount); // €1.500,0000

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Currency Exchange

Money2 provides an easy way to convert between currencies using ExchangePlatform.

final aud = CommonCurrencies().aud;
final usd = CommonCurrencies().usd;

// Define an exchange rate: 1 AUD = 0.65 USD
final rate = ExchangeRate.fromNum(
  0.65,
  decimalDigits: 8,
  fromIsoCode: 'AUD',
  toIsoCode: 'USD',
);

// Register one or more exchange rates.
final platform = ExchangePlatform()..register(rate);

final audAmount = Money.fromNum(100, isoCode: 'AUD');
final usdAmount = platform.exchangeTo(audAmount, 'USD');
print(usdAmount); // $65.00

If the reverse rate isn’t registered, Money2 can apply the inverse automatically (configurable).

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Precision & Safety

All arithmetic uses the Fixed package for fixed-scale (decimal places) operations — no binary floating-point drift.
Each Money value retains the precision defined by its Currency.

final m = Money.parse(r'$0.10', isoCode: 'USD');
print(m.amount);     // Fixed(0.10)
print(m.minorUnits); // 10 (cents)

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Working with Money

Creating Money Instances

Money2 provides multiple constructors for creating Money objects, depending on your data source and precision requirements.

All constructors require either a Currency instance or an ISO code that matches a registered currency (e.g. from CommonCurrencies).

1. From integer minor units

Use Money.fromIntWithCurrency() or Money.fromInt() when you already have amounts in minor units (e.g. cents, pence).

final usd = CommonCurrencies().usd;
final amount = Money.fromIntWithCurrency(1050, usd);
print(amount); // $10.50

If you have an ISO code instead of a Currency:

final amount = Money.fromInt(1050, isoCode: 'USD');
print(amount); // $10.50

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2. From numeric (major units)

Use Money.fromNum() when your source value is in major units (e.g. 10.50 dollars). Money2 converts this into the correct minor units internally using the currency’s scale.

final amount = Money.fromNum(10.50, isoCode: 'USD');
print(amount); // $10.50

⚠️ Note: Avoid using double for storage or transport — it may introduce binary rounding errors.
Always prefer integer minor units when persisting data.

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3. From strings (parsing)

Use Money.parse() or Money.parseWithCurrency() to create money from formatted strings.

final amount = Money.parse(r'$USD10.50');
print(amount); // $10.50

final usd = CommonCurrencies().usd;
final parsed = Money.parseWithCurrency(r'$10.50', usd);
print(parsed); // $10.50

Patterns are flexible — see the “Parsing & Formatting” section for details.

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4. Using the Currency factory

Create a Currency once, then use it to create multiple Money instances.

final aud = Currency.create('AUD', 2, symbol: r'$', country: 'Australia');

final price = Money.fromIntWithCurrency(1999, aud);
final discount = Money.fromNum(5.50, isoCode: 'AUD');

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5. From JSON

Use Money.fromJson() to recreate Money objects from stored JSON. This is ideal when persisting values in databases or APIs.

final json = {
  'minorUnits': 1050,
  'decimals': 2,
  'isoCode': 'USD'
};

final amount = Money.fromJson(json);
print(amount); // $10.50

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6. Cloning and modifying

Because Money is immutable, you can’t modify an existing instance directly. Instead, use simple arithmetic or the copyWith method.

final price = Money.fromInt(1000, isoCode: 'USD');
final discounted = price * 0.9; // $9.00

final  highPrecision =  price.copyWith(decimalDigits: 4);

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Summary

Method	Description	Example
fromIntWithCurrency()	From integer minor units with a Currency	Money.fromIntWithCurrency(1050, usd)
fromInt()	From integer minor units using ISO code	Money.fromInt(1050, isoCode: 'USD')
fromNum()	From numeric (major units)	Money.fromNum(10.50, isoCode: 'USD')
parse() / parseWithCurrency()	From formatted string	Money.parse(r'$USD10.50')
fromJson()	From serialized JSON	Money.fromJson(json)

Math Operations

Money2 supports precise arithmetic operations on Money values, preserving currency, scale, and rounding rules automatically.

Supported operators

Operator	Description	Example
+ / -	Add or subtract Money values	m1 + m2, m1 - m2
* / /	Multiply or divide by numbers	m1 * 1.1, m1 / 2
~/	Integer division (truncating)	m1 ~/ 3
%	Remainder (modulo)	m1 % Money.fromInt(100, m1.currency)
compareTo / <, >, <=, >=	Comparison operators	if (m1 > m2) print('More')
==	Value equality (same currency + amount)	if (m1 == m2)

All arithmetic operations preserve the currency and decimalDigits of the operands. When combining two Money values, they must share the same currency — otherwise a MoneyException is thrown.

Examples

final usd = CommonCurrencies().usd;

final price = Money.fromIntWithCurrency(1000, usd); // $10.00
final tax   = price * 0.1;                          // $1.00
final total = price + tax;                          // $11.00
final split = total / 3;                            // $3.67 (rounded)

print(total); // $11.00
print(split); // $3.67

// Comparison
final discount = Money.fromIntWithCurrency(200, usd); // $2.00
if (discount < total) {
  print('Discount is less than total');
}

Parsing & Formatting (Locale-Agnostic Patterns)

Money2 uses simple patterns for parsing and formatting. Patterns are locale-agnostic — they always use , for grouping and . for decimals. When formatting, these are replaced by the currency’s actual separators.

Pattern symbols

Symbol	Meaning
S	Currency symbol
C	ISO code
#	Digit placeholder
0	Mandatory digit
.	Decimal separator
,	Group separator
+	Always display +/- sign
-	Display - sign if negative

final parsed = usd.parse(r'$10.00');
print(parsed.format('SCCC 0.00')); // $USD 10.00

final parsedEur = eur.parse(r'$10.00');
// The decimal separator is based on the currency, not the pattern.
print(parsedEur.format('SCCC 0.00+')); // €EUR 10,00+

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Storing Monetary Values

Money stores values in minor units (like cents) using the Fixed type for deterministic math.

final cost = Money.fromIntWithCurrency(1000, CommonCurrencies().usd);
print(cost); // $10.00

final taxInclusive = cost * 1.1;
print(taxInclusive); // $11.00

print(taxInclusive.minorUnits); // 1100

When storing amounts (e.g., in a database or JSON), store either the minorUnits or use Money2’s built-in JSON serialization.

final json = amount.toJson();
final amount = Money.fromJson(json);

Example JSON output:

{
  "minorUnits": 1100,
  "decimals": 2,
  "isoCode": "USD"
}

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Design Philosophy

The design choices in Money2 are deliberate and aim for correctness, predictability, and long-term maintainability.

1. Fixed decimal, never double — financial values must be exact.
   Money2 uses Fixed for deterministic scale and rounding.

2. Immutability by default — Money and Currency are value types.
   All operations return new instances; inputs are never mutated.

3. Currency-first modeling — a Money always carries its Currency,
   preventing accidental mixing of currencies.

4. Locale-agnostic patterns — parsing and formatting use a universal pattern syntax (. for decimals, , for grouping).

5. Representation vs. presentation — math uses fixed minor units; display is controlled via patterns and separators.

6. Explicit rounding and scale — calculations preserve scale and apply banker’s rounding (half-even).

7. Exchange rates are data, not services — ExchangePlatform stores rates; fetching and refreshing is your responsibility.

8. Transparent serialization — JSON and DB persistence support storing either minorUnits or formatted strings (prefer integers).

9. Minimal surprises — clear, typed exceptions for invalid parses or mismatched currencies.

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Examples

import 'money2.dart';
import 'package:test/test.dart';

void main() {
  final usd = Currency.create('USD', 2);

  final costPrice = Money.fromIntWithCurrency(1000, usd);
  expect(costPrice.toString(), equals(r'$10.00'));

  final taxInclusive = costPrice * 1.1;
  expect(taxInclusive.toString(), equals(r'$11.00'));

  expect(taxInclusive.format('SCC #.00'), equals(r'$US 11.00'));

  final parsed = usd.parse(r'$10.00');
  expect(parsed.format('SCCC 0.00'), equals(r'$USD 10.00'));

  final buyPrice = Money.fromNum(10, isoCode: 'AUD');
  expect(buyPrice.toString(), equals(r'$10.00'));

  final sellPrice = Money.fromNum(10.50, isoCode: 'AUD');
  expect(sellPrice.toString(), equals(r'$10.50'));
}

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Upgrading

v6

• scale renamed to decimalDigits
• JSON format for ExchangeRates changed.

v5+

• invertSeparator replaced by groupSeparator and decimalSeparator
• Patterns must always use , for grouping and . for decimals

// v4
final euro = Currency.create('EUR', 2,
  symbol: '€',
  invertSeparators: true,
  pattern: '#.##0,00 S');

// v5+
final euro = Currency.create('EUR', 2,
  symbol: '€',
  groupSeparator: '.',
  decimalSeparator: ',',
  pattern: '#,##0.00 S');

Additional changes:

• PatternDecoder.isCode → isIsoCode
• CurrencyCode → CurrencyIsoCode
• scale → decimalDigits
• ExchangeRate.toScale members → toDecimalDigits

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Building

Common currencies are generated by a Dart script:

dart tool/generate_currencies.dart

Currencies are defined in
tool/currencies.yaml

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Documentation

• Full docs: https://money2.onepub.dev
• API reference: https://pub.dev/documentation/money2/latest/