open-energy-transition · tgilon · Jul 22, 2025 · May 23, 2025 · May 27, 2025 · May 27, 2025
diff --git a/Snakefile b/Snakefile
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from scripts._helpers import (
 configfile: "config/config.default.yaml"
 configfile: "config/plotting.default.yaml"
 configfile: "config/config.private.yaml"
-configfile: "config/config.yaml"
 
 
 run = config["run"]
@@ -81,6 +80,7 @@ if config["foresight"] == "perfect":
 rule all:
     input:
         expand(RESULTS + "graphs/costs.svg", run=config["run"]["name"]),
+        expand(resources("maps/power-network.pdf"), run=config["run"]["name"]),
         expand(
             resources("maps/power-network-s-{clusters}.pdf"),
             run=config["run"]["name"],
@@ -92,10 +92,21 @@ rule all:
             run=config["run"]["name"],
             **config["scenario"],
         ),
+        lambda w: expand(
+            (
+                resources(
+                    "maps/base_h2_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.pdf"
+                )
+                if config_provider("sector", "H2_network")(w)
+                else []
+            ),
+            run=config["run"]["name"],
+            **config["scenario"],
+        ),
         lambda w: expand(
             (
                 RESULTS
-                + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf"
+                + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-h2_network.pdf"
                 if config_provider("sector", "H2_network")(w)
                 else []
             ),
@@ -112,6 +123,29 @@ rule all:
             run=config["run"]["name"],
             **config["scenario"],
         ),
+        lambda w: expand(
+            (
+                resources(
+                    "maps/base_offshore_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}.pdf"
+                )
+                if config_provider("sector", "offshore_hubs_tyndp", "enable")(w)
+                else []
+            ),
+            run=config["run"]["name"],
+            **config["scenario"],
+            carrier=config_provider("plotting", "offshore_maps", "bus_carriers")(w),
+        ),
+        lambda w: expand(
+            (
+                RESULTS
+                + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-offshore_network_{carrier}.pdf"
+                if config_provider("sector", "offshore_hubs_tyndp", "enable")(w)
+                else []
+            ),
+            run=config["run"]["name"],
+            **config["scenario"],
+            carrier=config_provider("plotting", "offshore_maps", "bus_carriers")(w),
+        ),
         lambda w: expand(
             (
                 RESULTS + "csvs/cumulative_costs.csv"

diff --git a/config/config.default.yaml b/config/config.default.yaml
@@ -815,6 +815,11 @@ sector:
       methanol: 121
       gas: 122
       oil: 125
+  offshore_hubs_tyndp:
+    enable: false
+    max_capacity:
+      DC: 10
+      H2: 30
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#industry
 industry:

diff --git a/config/config.tyndp.yaml b/config/config.tyndp.yaml
@@ -148,6 +148,19 @@ sector:
     enable: true
     carriers:
     - H2
+  offshore_hubs_tyndp:
+    enable: true
+    max_capacity:
+      DC: 10
+      H2: 30
+
+costs:
+  overwrites:
+    lifetime:
+      electrolysis: 25
+      HVDC submarine: 25
+      H2 (g) submarine pipeline: 25
+      offwind: 25
 
 clustering:
   mode: administrative

diff --git a/config/plotting.default.yaml b/config/plotting.default.yaml
@@ -241,6 +241,10 @@ plotting:
       - 200
       - 100
       branch_sizes:
+  offshore_maps:
+    bus_carriers:
+    - DC
+    - H2
 
   nice_names:
     OCGT: "Open-Cycle Gas"
@@ -269,12 +273,20 @@ plotting:
     offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
     offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
     offshore wind ac: "#6895dd"
+    offwind-ac-fb-r: "#6895dd"
+    offwind-ac-fl-r: "#6da5e8"
+    offwind-dc-fb-r: "#71b5ed"
     offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
     offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
     offshore wind dc: "#74c6f2"
+    offwind-dc-fb-oh: "#74c6f2"
+    offwind-dc-fl-r: "#94d4f6"
     offwind-float: "#b5e2fa"
     offshore wind (Float): "#b5e2fa"
     offshore wind float: "#b5e2fa"
+    offwind-dc-fl-oh: "#b5e2fa"
+    offwind-h2-fb-oh: "#c47dbd"
+    offwind-h2-fl-oh: "#9d4d96"
     # water
     hydro: '#298c81'
     hydro reservoir: '#298c81'

diff --git a/config/test/config.tyndp.yaml b/config/test/config.tyndp.yaml
@@ -33,7 +33,14 @@ enable:
 
 co2_budget:
   # TODO define carbon budget compliant with EU 2030 and 2050 targets
-  2040: 0.25  # Temporary increase to allow CI to pass while load configurations are incomplete.
+  2020: 0.720 # average emissions of 2019 to 2021 relative to 1990, CO2 excl LULUCF, EEA data, European Environment Agency. (2023a). Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2021 and inventory report 2023 - CRF Table. https://unfccc.int/documents/627830
+  2025: 0.648 # With additional measures (WAM) projection, CO2 excl LULUCF, European Environment Agency. (2023e). Member States’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections 2023. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/4b8d94a4-aed7-4e67-a54c-0623a50f48e8
+  2030: 0.450 # 55% reduction by 2030 (Ff55)
+  2035: 0.250
+  2040: 0.100 # 90% by 2040
+  2045: 0.050
+  2050: 0.000 # climate-neutral by 2050
+
 
 electricity:
   base_network: tyndp-raw
@@ -100,6 +107,7 @@ load:
     enable: false
   manual_adjustments: false
   supplement_synthetic: false
+
 pypsa_eur:
   Bus:
   - AC
@@ -166,6 +174,19 @@ sector:
     enable: true
     carriers:
     - H2
+  offshore_hubs_tyndp:
+    enable: true
+    max_capacity:
+      DC: 10
+      H2: 30
+
+costs:
+  overwrites:
+    lifetime:
+      electrolysis: 25
+      HVDC submarine: 25
+      H2 (g) submarine pipeline: 25
+      offwind: 25
 
 clustering:
   mode: administrative

diff --git a/doc/configtables/sector.csv b/doc/configtables/sector.csv
@@ -229,4 +229,8 @@ imports,,,
 -- limit,TWh,float,Maximum allowed renewable energy imports
 -- limit_sense,--,"{==, <=, >=}",Sense of the limit
 -- price,,"{H2, NH3, methanol, gas, oil}",
--- -- {carrier},currency/MWh,float,Price for importing renewable energy of carrier
+-- -- {carrier},currency/MWh,float,Price for importing renewable energy of carrier
+offshore_hubs_tyndp,--,"{true, false}",Add options for TYNDP offshore hubs
+-- enable,--,"{true, false}",Add option to include TYNDP offshore hubs
+-- max_capacity,,,
+-- -- {carrier},GW,float,Maximum transmission capacity between two offshore hubs of a carrier
diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ Release Notes
 
 **Changes**
 
+* Introduce TYNDP offshore wind hubs via `sector:offshore_hubs_tyndp` configuration (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/54). This feature implements an offshore grid topology with both electric and hydrogen infrastructure, offshore electrolysers, and detailed wind farm characteristics. Three wind farm types are supported: AC-radial (ac-r), DC-radial (dc-r) and DC-hubs (dc-oh). Each is compatible with fixed-bottom (fb) or floating (fl) foundations. Wind farms connected to hubs can produce hydrogen directly through a dedicated P2G unit, while electricity can be supplied to the network or converted to hydrogen via offshore electrolysers connected to the hubs. The network includes existing capacities, with capacity expansion constrained by technological potential and evolving zone potential.
+
 * Add processing and preparation of TYNDP 2024 PECD v3.1 renewable profiles, replacing default ERA5-based profiles processed with Atlite (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/53). Initial implementation first addresses profiles for offshore technologies.
 
 * Add TYNDP hydrogen import potentials and corridors from outside of the modelled countries (https://github.com/open-energy-transition/open-tyndp/pull/36). Notably this includes pipelines and shipping imports from North Africa, Ukraine and Norway. Different import potentials are available for each of the planning years which are differentiated by wildcards.

diff --git a/rules/build_sector.smk b/rules/build_sector.smk
@@ -1291,6 +1291,18 @@ def input_heat_source_power(w):
     }
 
 
+def input_offshore_hubs(w):
+    offshore_files = [
+        "offshore_buses",
+        "offshore_grid",
+        "offshore_electrolysers",
+        "offshore_generators",
+    ]
+    if config_provider("sector", "offshore_hubs_tyndp", "enable")(w):
+        return {f: resources(f"{f}.csv") for f in offshore_files}
+    return {f: [] for f in offshore_files}
+
+
 if config["sector"]["h2_topology_tyndp"]:
 
     rule build_tyndp_h2_network:
@@ -1354,6 +1366,40 @@ if config["sector"]["h2_topology_tyndp"]:
             "../scripts/build_tyndp_h2_imports.py"
 
 
+if config["sector"]["offshore_hubs_tyndp"]["enable"]:
+
+    rule build_tyndp_offshore_hubs:
+        params:
+            planning_horizons=config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons"),
+            scenario=config_provider("tyndp_scenario"),
+            countries=config_provider("countries"),
+            offshore_hubs_tyndp=config_provider("sector", "offshore_hubs_tyndp"),
+        input:
+            nodes=directory("data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/NODE.xlsx"),
+            grid=directory("data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/GRID.xlsx"),
+            electrolysers=directory(
+                "data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/ELECTROLYSER.xlsx"
+            ),
+            generators=directory("data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/GENERATOR.xlsx"),
+        output:
+            offshore_buses=resources("offshore_buses.csv"),
+            offshore_grid=resources("offshore_grid.csv"),
+            offshore_electrolysers=resources("offshore_electrolysers.csv"),
+            offshore_generators=resources("offshore_generators.csv"),
+            offshore_zone_trajectories=resources("offshore_zone_trajectories.csv"),
+        log:
+            logs("build_tyndp_offshore_hubs.log"),
+        benchmark:
+            benchmarks("build_tyndp_offshore_hubs")
+        threads: 1
+        resources:
+            mem_mb=4000,
+        conda:
+            "../envs/environment.yaml"
+        script:
+            "../scripts/build_tyndp_offshore_hubs.py"
+
+
 rule prepare_sector_network:
     params:
         time_resolution=config_provider("clustering", "temporal", "resolution_sector"),
@@ -1390,10 +1436,12 @@ rule prepare_sector_network:
         ),
         load_source=config_provider("load", "source"),
         scaling_factor=config_provider("load", "scaling_factor"),
+        offshore_hubs_tyndp=config_provider("sector", "offshore_hubs_tyndp", "enable"),
     input:
         unpack(input_profile_offwind),
         unpack(input_profile_pecd),
         unpack(input_heat_source_power),
+        unpack(input_offshore_hubs),
         **rules.cluster_gas_network.output,
         **rules.build_gas_input_locations.output,
         snapshot_weightings=resources(

diff --git a/rules/postprocess.smk b/rules/postprocess.smk
@@ -68,6 +68,33 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
         script:
             "../scripts/plot_power_network.py"
 
+    rule plot_base_hydrogen_network:
+        params:
+            plotting=config_provider("plotting"),
+        input:
+            network=resources(
+                "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
+            ),
+            regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore.geojson"),
+        output:
+            map=resources(
+                "maps/base_h2_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.pdf"
+            ),
+        threads: 1
+        resources:
+            mem_mb=4000,
+        benchmark:
+            benchmarks(
+                "plot_base_hydrogen_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
+            )
+        log:
+            RESULTS
+            + "logs/plot_base_hydrogen_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.log",
+        conda:
+            "../envs/environment.yaml"
+        script:
+            "../scripts/plot_base_hydrogen_network.py"
+
     rule plot_hydrogen_network:
         params:
             plotting=config_provider("plotting"),
@@ -83,7 +110,7 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
             ),
         output:
             map=RESULTS
-            + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
+            + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-h2_network.pdf",
         threads: 2
         resources:
             mem_mb=10000,
@@ -100,32 +127,50 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
         script:
             "../scripts/plot_hydrogen_network.py"
 
-    rule plot_base_hydrogen_network:
+    rule plot_base_offshore_network:
         params:
             plotting=config_provider("plotting"),
+            expanded=False,
         input:
             network=resources(
                 "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
             ),
-            regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore.geojson"),
+            regions_offshore=resources("regions_offshore.geojson"),
         output:
             map=resources(
-                "maps/base_h2_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.pdf"
+                "maps/base_offshore_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}.pdf"
             ),
         threads: 1
         resources:
             mem_mb=4000,
         benchmark:
             benchmarks(
-                "plot_base_hydrogen_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
+                "plot_base_offshore_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}"
             )
         log:
             RESULTS
-            + "logs/plot_base_hydrogen_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.log",
+            + "logs/plot_base_offshore_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}.log",
         conda:
             "../envs/environment.yaml"
         script:
-            "../scripts/plot_base_hydrogen_network.py"
+            "../scripts/plot_offshore_network.py"
+
+    use rule plot_base_offshore_network as plot_offshore_network with:
+        params:
+            expanded=True,
+        input:
+            network=RESULTS
+            + "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
+        output:
+            map=RESULTS
+            + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-offshore_network_{carrier}.pdf",
+        benchmark:
+            benchmarks(
+                "plot_offshore_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}"
+            )
+        log:
+            RESULTS
+            + "logs/plot_offshore_network_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}.log",
 
     rule plot_gas_network:
         params:

diff --git a/rules/retrieve.smk b/rules/retrieve.smk
@@ -179,7 +179,10 @@ if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and config["enable"].get("retrieve_tyndp_bundle"
             h2_reference_grid="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Line data/ReferenceGrid_Hydrogen.xlsx",
             electricity_demand=directory("data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Demand Profiles"),
             h2_imports="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Hydrogen/H2 IMPORTS GENERATORS PROPERTIES.xlsx",
-            offshore_buses="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/NODE.xlsx",
+            offshore_nodes="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/NODE.xlsx",
+            offshore_grid="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/GRID.xlsx",
+            offshore_electrolysers="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/ELECTROLYSER.xlsx",
+            offshore_generators="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Offshore hubs/GENERATOR.xlsx",
         log:
             "logs/retrieve_tyndp_bundle.log",
         retries: 2

diff --git a/rules/solve_electricity.smk b/rules/solve_electricity.smk
@@ -11,8 +11,14 @@ rule solve_network:
             "sector", "co2_sequestration_potential", default=200
         ),
         custom_extra_functionality=input_custom_extra_functionality,
+        carriers_tyndp=config_provider("electricity", "tyndp_renewable_carriers"),
     input:
         network=resources("networks/base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}.nc"),
+        offshore_zone_trajectories=lambda w: (
+            resources("offshore_zone_trajectories.csv")
+            if config_provider("sector", "offshore_hubs_tyndp", "enable")(w)
+            else []
+        ),
     output:
         network=RESULTS + "networks/base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}.nc",
         config=RESULTS + "configs/config.base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}.yaml",