feat(opentelemetry-sdk-node): set log provider for experimental start

[maryliag]

Fixes #5822

I copied all relevant tests from the original SDK start, to make sure the behaviour is the same

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 98.30508% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 95.64%. Comparing base (7d866ea) to head (6b843ec).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ental/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-node/src/utils.ts	97.22%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6407      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   95.60%   95.64%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         361      362       +1     
  Lines       11624    11736     +112     
  Branches     2696     2733      +37     
==========================================
+ Hits        11113    11225     +112     
  Misses        511      511              

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...tal/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-node/src/semconv.ts	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...ental/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-node/src/start.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (+4.00%)	⬆️
...ental/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-node/src/utils.ts	96.21% <97.22%> (+0.70%)	⬆️

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[pichlermarc]

Overall looks good, just a few smaller comments. Though I still think that we should do traces, metrics first since they're stable - then logs which is not stable yet (hoping that this won't matter though since I hope we can get logs out the door soon :))