ci: update deny GHA and its config

[gruebel]

Changes

• SImilar to chore: exclude protobuf from cargo deny and fix config issues opentelemetry-rust-contrib#224

Merge requirement checklist

• CONTRIBUTING guidelines followed
• Unit tests added/updated (if applicable)
• Appropriate CHANGELOG.md files updated for non-trivial, user-facing changes
• Changes in public API reviewed (if applicable)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 80.8%. Comparing base (2971467) to head (bc9a45f).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main   #2875   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   80.8%   80.8%           
=====================================
  Files        124     124           
  Lines      23833   23833           
=====================================
  Hits       19280   19280           
  Misses      4553    4553           

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