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Welcome to the GeoSPARQL 3D whitepaper wiki!

References

This section is for collecting references to relevant documentation, papers, and other sources of information.

Software with support for 3D spatial objects

• PostGIS 3D Geomeries
• Oracle Spatial Three-Dimensional Spatial Objects
• ArcGIS Pro 3D objects

3D spatial relationships

• 3D SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS MODEL:A USEFUL CONCEPT FOR 3D CADASTRE?
• The representation and judgment of binary topological relations between regions and lines in three dimensional space (requires subscription)
• 3D Solids and Their Management In DBMS (requires subscription)
• 3D TOPOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN SPATIAL DATABASES: AN OVERVIEW
• 3D Topological Relations for 3D Spatial Analysis
• A 25-Intersection Model for Representing Topological Relations between Simple Spatial Objects in 3-D Space
• Extension of RCC*-9 to Complex and Three-Dimensional Features and Its Reasoning System
• Topological Relationships and Their Use
• Extruding building footprints to create topologically consistent 3D city models

Visualisation

• Towards knowledge-based geovisualisation using Semantic Web technologies: a knowledge representation approach coupling ontologies and rules

BIM

• BimSPARQL: Domain-specific functional SPARQL extensions for querying RDF building data

OGC standards for spatial objects with 3D support

• GML
• CityGML
• CityJSON
• CityRDF (an OGC work item under consideration by the CityGML SWG)
• OGC API GeoVolumes (draft)