feat: add timeout parameter to Python API functions

[dionhaefner]

Relevant issue or PR

n/a

Description of changes

In pathological cases, HTTP requests can hang forever (e.g. when a container runs out of memory or just hangs indefinitely). This is hard to detect and work around if it happens deep within a call stack. This PR introduces a timeout parameter to Tesseract.from_url and Tesseract.from_image so users can at least fail gracefully if requests hang.

Testing done

CI

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 77.07%. Comparing base (f488e85) to head (f216f25).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #597      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   77.12%   77.07%   -0.06%     
==========================================
  Files          32       32              
  Lines        4489     4492       +3     
  Branches      738      738              
==========================================
  Hits         3462     3462              
- Misses        724      727       +3     
  Partials      303      303              

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[PasteurBot]

Benchmark Results

Benchmarks use a no-op Tesseract to measure pure framework overhead.

🚀 0 faster, ⚠️ 0 slower, ✅ 36 unchanged

✅ No significant performance changes detected.

Full results

Benchmark	Baseline	Current	Change	Status
api/apply_1,000	0.591ms	0.589ms	-0.4%	✅
api/apply_100,000	0.596ms	0.594ms	-0.4%	✅
api/apply_10,000,000	0.596ms	0.594ms	-0.3%	✅
cli/apply_1,000	1800.243ms	1828.309ms	+1.6%	✅
cli/apply_100,000	1780.141ms	1823.720ms	+2.4%	✅
cli/apply_10,000,000	1884.152ms	1792.643ms	-4.9%	✅
decoding/base64_1,000	0.037ms	0.037ms	-0.4%	✅
decoding/base64_100,000	0.698ms	0.672ms	-3.6%	✅
decoding/base64_10,000,000	67.601ms	68.103ms	+0.7%	✅
decoding/binref_1,000	0.205ms	0.205ms	+0.2%	✅
decoding/binref_100,000	0.248ms	0.245ms	-1.3%	✅
decoding/binref_10,000,000	10.736ms	10.789ms	+0.5%	✅
decoding/json_1,000	0.107ms	0.105ms	-1.3%	✅
decoding/json_100,000	8.839ms	9.122ms	+3.2%	✅
decoding/json_10,000,000	1065.030ms	1069.826ms	+0.5%	✅
encoding/base64_1,000	0.041ms	0.040ms	-2.5%	✅
encoding/base64_100,000	0.146ms	0.146ms	+0.0%	✅
encoding/base64_10,000,000	25.964ms	26.364ms	+1.5%	✅
encoding/binref_1,000	0.317ms	0.313ms	-1.2%	✅
encoding/binref_100,000	0.498ms	0.500ms	+0.4%	✅
encoding/binref_10,000,000	18.901ms	19.158ms	+1.4%	✅
encoding/json_1,000	0.150ms	0.148ms	-0.9%	✅
encoding/json_100,000	13.522ms	13.843ms	+2.4%	✅
encoding/json_10,000,000	1414.204ms	1404.026ms	-0.7%	✅
http/apply_1,000	3.264ms	3.417ms	+4.7%	✅
http/apply_100,000	9.980ms	10.286ms	+3.1%	✅
http/apply_10,000,000	770.868ms	782.852ms	+1.6%	✅
roundtrip/base64_1,000	0.087ms	0.087ms	-0.8%	✅
roundtrip/base64_100,000	0.733ms	0.739ms	+0.8%	✅
roundtrip/base64_10,000,000	93.698ms	93.752ms	+0.1%	✅
roundtrip/binref_1,000	0.541ms	0.544ms	+0.6%	✅
roundtrip/binref_100,000	0.739ms	0.742ms	+0.5%	✅
roundtrip/binref_10,000,000	29.814ms	29.831ms	+0.1%	✅
roundtrip/json_1,000	0.270ms	0.268ms	-0.7%	✅
roundtrip/json_100,000	19.949ms	20.280ms	+1.7%	✅
roundtrip/json_10,000,000	2484.432ms	2467.303ms	-0.7%	✅

• Runner: Linux 6.17.0-1013-azure x86_64

[dionhaefner]

@apaleyes done