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@reshke reshke commented Dec 17, 2023

…or a timestamp-based resolving of visibility conflicts.

It allows to achieve proper snapshot isolation semantics in the case of distributed transactions involving more than one Postgres instance.

Authors: K.Knizhnik, S.Kelvich, A.Sher, A.Lepikhov, M.Usama.

Discussion:
(2020/05/21 -)
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA%2Bfd4k6HE8xLGEvqWzABEg8kkju5MxU%2Bif7bf-md0_2pjzXp9Q%40mail.gmail.com#ed1359340871688bed2e643921f73365 (2018/05/01 - 2019/04/21)
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/21BC916B-80A1-43BF-8650-3363CCDAE09C%40postgrespro.ru

…or a timestamp-based resolving of visibility conflicts.

It allows to achieve proper snapshot isolation semantics in the case
of distributed transactions involving more than one Postgres instance.

Authors: K.Knizhnik, S.Kelvich, A.Sher, A.Lepikhov, M.Usama.

Discussion:
(2020/05/21 -)
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA%2Bfd4k6HE8xLGEvqWzABEg8kkju5MxU%2Bif7bf-md0_2pjzXp9Q%40mail.gmail.com#ed1359340871688bed2e643921f73365
(2018/05/01 - 2019/04/21)
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/21BC916B-80A1-43BF-8650-3363CCDAE09C%40postgrespro.ru
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Feb 26, 2024
Commit e7cb7ee, which introduced the infrastructure for FDWs and
custom scan providers to replace joins with scans, failed to add support
handling of pseudoconstant quals assigned to replaced joins in
createplan.c, leading to an incorrect plan without a gating Result node
when postgres_fdw replaced a join with such a qual.

To fix, we could add the support by 1) modifying the ForeignPath and
CustomPath structs to store the list of RestrictInfo nodes to apply to
the join, as in JoinPaths, if they represent foreign and custom scans
replacing a join with a scan, and by 2) modifying create_scan_plan() in
createplan.c to use that list in that case, instead of the
baserestrictinfo list, to get pseudoconstant quals assigned to the join;
but #1 would cause an ABI break.  So fix by modifying the infrastructure
to just disallow replacing joins with such quals.

Back-patch to all supported branches.

Reported by Nishant Sharma.  Patch by me, reviewed by Nishant Sharma and
Richard Guo.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADrsxdbcN1vejBaf8a%2BQhrZY5PXL-04mCd4GDu6qm6FigDZd6Q%40mail.gmail.com
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Feb 26, 2024
Default privileges are represented as NULL::aclitem[] in catalog ACL
columns, while revoking all privileges leaves an empty aclitem[].
These two cases used to produce identical output in psql meta-commands
like \dp.  Using something like "\pset null '(default)'" as a
workaround for spotting the difference did not work, because null
values were always displayed as empty strings by describe.c's
meta-commands.

This patch improves that with two changes:

1. Print "(none)" for empty privileges so that the user is able to
   distinguish them from default privileges, even without special
   workarounds.

2. Remove the special handling of null values in describe.c,
   so that "\pset null" is honored like everywhere else.
   (This affects all output from these commands, not only ACLs.)

The privileges shown by \dconfig+ and \ddp as well as the column
privileges shown by \dp are not affected by change #1, because the
respective aclitem[] is reset to NULL or deleted from the catalog
instead of leaving an empty array.

Erik Wienhold and Laurenz Albe

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Sep 29, 2024
1. TruncateMultiXact() performs the SLRU truncations in a critical
section. Deleting the SLRU segments calls ForwardSyncRequest(), which
will try to compact the request queue if it's full
(CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue()). That in turn allocates memory,
which is not allowed in a critical section. Backtrace:

    TRAP: failed Assert("CritSectionCount == 0 || (context)->allowInCritSection"), File: "../src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c", Line: 1353, PID: 920981
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ExceptionalCondition+0x6e)[0x560a501e866e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x5dce3d)[0x560a50217e3d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ForwardSyncRequest+0x8e)[0x560a4ffec95e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(RegisterSyncRequest+0x2b)[0x560a50091eeb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x187b0a)[0x560a4fdc2b0a]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(SlruDeleteSegment+0x101)[0x560a4fdc2ab1]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(TruncateMultiXact+0x2fb)[0x560a4fdbde1b]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(vac_update_datfrozenxid+0x4b3)[0x560a4febd2f3]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3adf66)[0x560a4ffe8f66]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(AutoVacWorkerMain+0x3ed)[0x560a4ffe7c2d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b1ead)[0x560a4ffecead]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b620e)[0x560a4fff120e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b3fbb)[0x560a4ffeefbb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x2f724e)[0x560a4ff3224e]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x27c8a)[0x7f62cc642c8a]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0x85)[0x7f62cc642d45]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(_start+0x21)[0x560a4fd16f31]

To fix, bail out in CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue() without doing
anything, if it's called in a critical section. That covers the above
call path, as well as any other similar cases where
RegisterSyncRequest might be called in a critical section.

2. After fixing that, another problem became apparent: Autovacuum
process doing that truncation can deadlock with the checkpointer
process. TruncateMultiXact() sets "MyProc->delayChkptFlags |=
DELAY_CHKPT_START". If the sync request queue is full and cannot be
compacted, the process will repeatedly sleep and retry, until there is
room in the queue. However, if the checkpointer is trying to start a
checkpoint at the same time, and is waiting for the DELAY_CHKPT_START
processes to finish, the queue will never shrink.

More concretely, the autovacuum process is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc934926dc3 in epoll_wait () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x000056220b24348b in WaitEventSetWaitBlock (set=0x56220c2e4b50, occurred_events=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=1, cur_timeout=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1570
    #2  WaitEventSetWait (set=0x56220c2e4b50, timeout=timeout@entry=10, occurred_events=<optimized out>, occurred_events@entry=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=nevents@entry=1,
        wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1516
    #3  0x000056220b243224 in WaitLatch (latch=<optimized out>, latch@entry=0x0, wakeEvents=wakeEvents@entry=40, timeout=timeout@entry=10, wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949)
        at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:538
    #4  0x000056220b26cf46 in RegisterSyncRequest (ftag=ftag@entry=0x7ffe7856d0a0, type=type@entry=SYNC_FORGET_REQUEST, retryOnError=true) at ../src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c:614
    #5  0x000056220af9db0a in SlruInternalDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1495
    #6  0x000056220af9dab1 in SlruDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1566
    #7  0x000056220af98e1b in PerformMembersTruncation (oldestOffset=<optimized out>, newOldestOffset=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3006
    #8  TruncateMultiXact (newOldestMulti=newOldestMulti@entry=3221225472, newOldestMultiDB=newOldestMultiDB@entry=4) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3201
    #9  0x000056220b098303 in vac_truncate_clog (frozenXID=749, minMulti=<optimized out>, lastSaneFrozenXid=749, lastSaneMinMulti=3221225472) at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1917
    #10 vac_update_datfrozenxid () at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1760
    #11 0x000056220b1c3f76 in do_autovacuum () at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:2550
    #12 0x000056220b1c2c3d in AutoVacWorkerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:1569

and the checkpointer is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc9348ebf93 in clock_nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x00007fc9348fe353 in nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #2  0x000056220b40ecb4 in pg_usleep (microsec=microsec@entry=10000) at ../src/port/pgsleep.c:50
    #3  0x000056220afb43c3 in CreateCheckPoint (flags=flags@entry=108) at ../src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c:7098
    #4  0x000056220b1c6e86 in CheckpointerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/checkpointer.c:464

To fix, add AbsorbSyncRequests() to the loops where the checkpointer
waits for DELAY_CHKPT_START or DELAY_CHKPT_COMPLETE operations to
finish.

Backpatch to v14. Before that, SLRU deletion didn't call
RegisterSyncRequest, which avoided this failure. I'm not sure if there
are other similar scenarios on older versions, but we haven't had
any such reports.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 11, 2025
1. TruncateMultiXact() performs the SLRU truncations in a critical
section. Deleting the SLRU segments calls ForwardSyncRequest(), which
will try to compact the request queue if it's full
(CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue()). That in turn allocates memory,
which is not allowed in a critical section. Backtrace:

    TRAP: failed Assert("CritSectionCount == 0 || (context)->allowInCritSection"), File: "../src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c", Line: 1353, PID: 920981
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ExceptionalCondition+0x6e)[0x560a501e866e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x5dce3d)[0x560a50217e3d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ForwardSyncRequest+0x8e)[0x560a4ffec95e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(RegisterSyncRequest+0x2b)[0x560a50091eeb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x187b0a)[0x560a4fdc2b0a]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(SlruDeleteSegment+0x101)[0x560a4fdc2ab1]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(TruncateMultiXact+0x2fb)[0x560a4fdbde1b]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(vac_update_datfrozenxid+0x4b3)[0x560a4febd2f3]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3adf66)[0x560a4ffe8f66]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(AutoVacWorkerMain+0x3ed)[0x560a4ffe7c2d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b1ead)[0x560a4ffecead]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b620e)[0x560a4fff120e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b3fbb)[0x560a4ffeefbb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x2f724e)[0x560a4ff3224e]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x27c8a)[0x7f62cc642c8a]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0x85)[0x7f62cc642d45]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(_start+0x21)[0x560a4fd16f31]

To fix, bail out in CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue() without doing
anything, if it's called in a critical section. That covers the above
call path, as well as any other similar cases where
RegisterSyncRequest might be called in a critical section.

2. After fixing that, another problem became apparent: Autovacuum
process doing that truncation can deadlock with the checkpointer
process. TruncateMultiXact() sets "MyProc->delayChkptFlags |=
DELAY_CHKPT_START". If the sync request queue is full and cannot be
compacted, the process will repeatedly sleep and retry, until there is
room in the queue. However, if the checkpointer is trying to start a
checkpoint at the same time, and is waiting for the DELAY_CHKPT_START
processes to finish, the queue will never shrink.

More concretely, the autovacuum process is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc934926dc3 in epoll_wait () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x000056220b24348b in WaitEventSetWaitBlock (set=0x56220c2e4b50, occurred_events=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=1, cur_timeout=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1570
    #2  WaitEventSetWait (set=0x56220c2e4b50, timeout=timeout@entry=10, occurred_events=<optimized out>, occurred_events@entry=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=nevents@entry=1,
        wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1516
    #3  0x000056220b243224 in WaitLatch (latch=<optimized out>, latch@entry=0x0, wakeEvents=wakeEvents@entry=40, timeout=timeout@entry=10, wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949)
        at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:538
    #4  0x000056220b26cf46 in RegisterSyncRequest (ftag=ftag@entry=0x7ffe7856d0a0, type=type@entry=SYNC_FORGET_REQUEST, retryOnError=true) at ../src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c:614
    #5  0x000056220af9db0a in SlruInternalDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1495
    #6  0x000056220af9dab1 in SlruDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1566
    #7  0x000056220af98e1b in PerformMembersTruncation (oldestOffset=<optimized out>, newOldestOffset=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3006
    #8  TruncateMultiXact (newOldestMulti=newOldestMulti@entry=3221225472, newOldestMultiDB=newOldestMultiDB@entry=4) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3201
    #9  0x000056220b098303 in vac_truncate_clog (frozenXID=749, minMulti=<optimized out>, lastSaneFrozenXid=749, lastSaneMinMulti=3221225472) at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1917
    #10 vac_update_datfrozenxid () at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1760
    #11 0x000056220b1c3f76 in do_autovacuum () at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:2550
    #12 0x000056220b1c2c3d in AutoVacWorkerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:1569

and the checkpointer is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc9348ebf93 in clock_nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x00007fc9348fe353 in nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #2  0x000056220b40ecb4 in pg_usleep (microsec=microsec@entry=10000) at ../src/port/pgsleep.c:50
    #3  0x000056220afb43c3 in CreateCheckPoint (flags=flags@entry=108) at ../src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c:7098
    #4  0x000056220b1c6e86 in CheckpointerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/checkpointer.c:464

To fix, add AbsorbSyncRequests() to the loops where the checkpointer
waits for DELAY_CHKPT_START or DELAY_CHKPT_COMPLETE operations to
finish.

Backpatch to v14. Before that, SLRU deletion didn't call
RegisterSyncRequest, which avoided this failure. I'm not sure if there
are other similar scenarios on older versions, but we haven't had
any such reports.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 14, 2025
Commit e7cb7ee, which introduced the infrastructure for FDWs and
custom scan providers to replace joins with scans, failed to add support
handling of pseudoconstant quals assigned to replaced joins in
createplan.c, leading to an incorrect plan without a gating Result node
when postgres_fdw replaced a join with such a qual.

To fix, we could add the support by 1) modifying the ForeignPath and
CustomPath structs to store the list of RestrictInfo nodes to apply to
the join, as in JoinPaths, if they represent foreign and custom scans
replacing a join with a scan, and by 2) modifying create_scan_plan() in
createplan.c to use that list in that case, instead of the
baserestrictinfo list, to get pseudoconstant quals assigned to the join;
but #1 would cause an ABI break.  So fix by modifying the infrastructure
to just disallow replacing joins with such quals.

Back-patch to all supported branches.

Reported by Nishant Sharma.  Patch by me, reviewed by Nishant Sharma and
Richard Guo.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADrsxdbcN1vejBaf8a%2BQhrZY5PXL-04mCd4GDu6qm6FigDZd6Q%40mail.gmail.com
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 14, 2025
1. TruncateMultiXact() performs the SLRU truncations in a critical
section. Deleting the SLRU segments calls ForwardSyncRequest(), which
will try to compact the request queue if it's full
(CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue()). That in turn allocates memory,
which is not allowed in a critical section. Backtrace:

    TRAP: failed Assert("CritSectionCount == 0 || (context)->allowInCritSection"), File: "../src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c", Line: 1353, PID: 920981
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ExceptionalCondition+0x6e)[0x560a501e866e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x5dce3d)[0x560a50217e3d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ForwardSyncRequest+0x8e)[0x560a4ffec95e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(RegisterSyncRequest+0x2b)[0x560a50091eeb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x187b0a)[0x560a4fdc2b0a]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(SlruDeleteSegment+0x101)[0x560a4fdc2ab1]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(TruncateMultiXact+0x2fb)[0x560a4fdbde1b]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(vac_update_datfrozenxid+0x4b3)[0x560a4febd2f3]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3adf66)[0x560a4ffe8f66]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(AutoVacWorkerMain+0x3ed)[0x560a4ffe7c2d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b1ead)[0x560a4ffecead]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b620e)[0x560a4fff120e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b3fbb)[0x560a4ffeefbb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x2f724e)[0x560a4ff3224e]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x27c8a)[0x7f62cc642c8a]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0x85)[0x7f62cc642d45]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(_start+0x21)[0x560a4fd16f31]

To fix, bail out in CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue() without doing
anything, if it's called in a critical section. That covers the above
call path, as well as any other similar cases where
RegisterSyncRequest might be called in a critical section.

2. After fixing that, another problem became apparent: Autovacuum
process doing that truncation can deadlock with the checkpointer
process. TruncateMultiXact() sets "MyProc->delayChkptFlags |=
DELAY_CHKPT_START". If the sync request queue is full and cannot be
compacted, the process will repeatedly sleep and retry, until there is
room in the queue. However, if the checkpointer is trying to start a
checkpoint at the same time, and is waiting for the DELAY_CHKPT_START
processes to finish, the queue will never shrink.

More concretely, the autovacuum process is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc934926dc3 in epoll_wait () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x000056220b24348b in WaitEventSetWaitBlock (set=0x56220c2e4b50, occurred_events=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=1, cur_timeout=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1570
    #2  WaitEventSetWait (set=0x56220c2e4b50, timeout=timeout@entry=10, occurred_events=<optimized out>, occurred_events@entry=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=nevents@entry=1,
        wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1516
    #3  0x000056220b243224 in WaitLatch (latch=<optimized out>, latch@entry=0x0, wakeEvents=wakeEvents@entry=40, timeout=timeout@entry=10, wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949)
        at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:538
    #4  0x000056220b26cf46 in RegisterSyncRequest (ftag=ftag@entry=0x7ffe7856d0a0, type=type@entry=SYNC_FORGET_REQUEST, retryOnError=true) at ../src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c:614
    #5  0x000056220af9db0a in SlruInternalDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1495
    #6  0x000056220af9dab1 in SlruDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1566
    #7  0x000056220af98e1b in PerformMembersTruncation (oldestOffset=<optimized out>, newOldestOffset=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3006
    #8  TruncateMultiXact (newOldestMulti=newOldestMulti@entry=3221225472, newOldestMultiDB=newOldestMultiDB@entry=4) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3201
    #9  0x000056220b098303 in vac_truncate_clog (frozenXID=749, minMulti=<optimized out>, lastSaneFrozenXid=749, lastSaneMinMulti=3221225472) at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1917
    #10 vac_update_datfrozenxid () at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1760
    #11 0x000056220b1c3f76 in do_autovacuum () at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:2550
    #12 0x000056220b1c2c3d in AutoVacWorkerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:1569

and the checkpointer is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc9348ebf93 in clock_nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x00007fc9348fe353 in nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #2  0x000056220b40ecb4 in pg_usleep (microsec=microsec@entry=10000) at ../src/port/pgsleep.c:50
    #3  0x000056220afb43c3 in CreateCheckPoint (flags=flags@entry=108) at ../src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c:7098
    #4  0x000056220b1c6e86 in CheckpointerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/checkpointer.c:464

To fix, add AbsorbSyncRequests() to the loops where the checkpointer
waits for DELAY_CHKPT_START or DELAY_CHKPT_COMPLETE operations to
finish.

Backpatch to v14. Before that, SLRU deletion didn't call
RegisterSyncRequest, which avoided this failure. I'm not sure if there
are other similar scenarios on older versions, but we haven't had
any such reports.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 16, 2025
Commit e7cb7ee, which introduced the infrastructure for FDWs and
custom scan providers to replace joins with scans, failed to add support
handling of pseudoconstant quals assigned to replaced joins in
createplan.c, leading to an incorrect plan without a gating Result node
when postgres_fdw replaced a join with such a qual.

To fix, we could add the support by 1) modifying the ForeignPath and
CustomPath structs to store the list of RestrictInfo nodes to apply to
the join, as in JoinPaths, if they represent foreign and custom scans
replacing a join with a scan, and by 2) modifying create_scan_plan() in
createplan.c to use that list in that case, instead of the
baserestrictinfo list, to get pseudoconstant quals assigned to the join;
but #1 would cause an ABI break.  So fix by modifying the infrastructure
to just disallow replacing joins with such quals.

Back-patch to all supported branches.

Reported by Nishant Sharma.  Patch by me, reviewed by Nishant Sharma and
Richard Guo.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADrsxdbcN1vejBaf8a%2BQhrZY5PXL-04mCd4GDu6qm6FigDZd6Q%40mail.gmail.com
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 16, 2025
1. TruncateMultiXact() performs the SLRU truncations in a critical
section. Deleting the SLRU segments calls ForwardSyncRequest(), which
will try to compact the request queue if it's full
(CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue()). That in turn allocates memory,
which is not allowed in a critical section. Backtrace:

    TRAP: failed Assert("CritSectionCount == 0 || (context)->allowInCritSection"), File: "../src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c", Line: 1353, PID: 920981
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ExceptionalCondition+0x6e)[0x560a501e866e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x5dce3d)[0x560a50217e3d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(ForwardSyncRequest+0x8e)[0x560a4ffec95e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(RegisterSyncRequest+0x2b)[0x560a50091eeb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x187b0a)[0x560a4fdc2b0a]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(SlruDeleteSegment+0x101)[0x560a4fdc2ab1]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(TruncateMultiXact+0x2fb)[0x560a4fdbde1b]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(vac_update_datfrozenxid+0x4b3)[0x560a4febd2f3]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3adf66)[0x560a4ffe8f66]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(AutoVacWorkerMain+0x3ed)[0x560a4ffe7c2d]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b1ead)[0x560a4ffecead]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b620e)[0x560a4fff120e]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x3b3fbb)[0x560a4ffeefbb]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(+0x2f724e)[0x560a4ff3224e]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x27c8a)[0x7f62cc642c8a]
    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0x85)[0x7f62cc642d45]
    postgres: autovacuum worker template0(_start+0x21)[0x560a4fd16f31]

To fix, bail out in CompactCheckpointerRequestQueue() without doing
anything, if it's called in a critical section. That covers the above
call path, as well as any other similar cases where
RegisterSyncRequest might be called in a critical section.

2. After fixing that, another problem became apparent: Autovacuum
process doing that truncation can deadlock with the checkpointer
process. TruncateMultiXact() sets "MyProc->delayChkptFlags |=
DELAY_CHKPT_START". If the sync request queue is full and cannot be
compacted, the process will repeatedly sleep and retry, until there is
room in the queue. However, if the checkpointer is trying to start a
checkpoint at the same time, and is waiting for the DELAY_CHKPT_START
processes to finish, the queue will never shrink.

More concretely, the autovacuum process is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc934926dc3 in epoll_wait () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x000056220b24348b in WaitEventSetWaitBlock (set=0x56220c2e4b50, occurred_events=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=1, cur_timeout=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1570
    #2  WaitEventSetWait (set=0x56220c2e4b50, timeout=timeout@entry=10, occurred_events=<optimized out>, occurred_events@entry=0x7ffe7856d040, nevents=nevents@entry=1,
        wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949) at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:1516
    #3  0x000056220b243224 in WaitLatch (latch=<optimized out>, latch@entry=0x0, wakeEvents=wakeEvents@entry=40, timeout=timeout@entry=10, wait_event_info=wait_event_info@entry=150994949)
        at ../src/backend/storage/ipc/latch.c:538
    #4  0x000056220b26cf46 in RegisterSyncRequest (ftag=ftag@entry=0x7ffe7856d0a0, type=type@entry=SYNC_FORGET_REQUEST, retryOnError=true) at ../src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c:614
    #5  0x000056220af9db0a in SlruInternalDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1495
    #6  0x000056220af9dab1 in SlruDeleteSegment (ctl=ctl@entry=0x56220b7beb60 <MultiXactMemberCtlData>, segno=segno@entry=11350) at ../src/backend/access/transam/slru.c:1566
    #7  0x000056220af98e1b in PerformMembersTruncation (oldestOffset=<optimized out>, newOldestOffset=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3006
    #8  TruncateMultiXact (newOldestMulti=newOldestMulti@entry=3221225472, newOldestMultiDB=newOldestMultiDB@entry=4) at ../src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c:3201
    #9  0x000056220b098303 in vac_truncate_clog (frozenXID=749, minMulti=<optimized out>, lastSaneFrozenXid=749, lastSaneMinMulti=3221225472) at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1917
    #10 vac_update_datfrozenxid () at ../src/backend/commands/vacuum.c:1760
    #11 0x000056220b1c3f76 in do_autovacuum () at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:2550
    #12 0x000056220b1c2c3d in AutoVacWorkerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c:1569

and the checkpointer is stuck here:

    #0  0x00007fc9348ebf93 in clock_nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #1  0x00007fc9348fe353 in nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    #2  0x000056220b40ecb4 in pg_usleep (microsec=microsec@entry=10000) at ../src/port/pgsleep.c:50
    #3  0x000056220afb43c3 in CreateCheckPoint (flags=flags@entry=108) at ../src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c:7098
    #4  0x000056220b1c6e86 in CheckpointerMain (startup_data=<optimized out>, startup_data_len=<optimized out>) at ../src/backend/postmaster/checkpointer.c:464

To fix, add AbsorbSyncRequests() to the loops where the checkpointer
waits for DELAY_CHKPT_START or DELAY_CHKPT_COMPLETE operations to
finish.

Backpatch to v14. Before that, SLRU deletion didn't call
RegisterSyncRequest, which avoided this failure. I'm not sure if there
are other similar scenarios on older versions, but we haven't had
any such reports.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Nov 25, 2025
There've been a few complaints that it can be overly difficult to figure
out why the planner picked a Memoize plan.  To help address that, here we
adjust the EXPLAIN output to display the following additional details:

1) The estimated number of cache entries that can be stored at once
2) The estimated number of unique lookup keys that we expect to see
3) The number of lookups we expect
4) The estimated hit ratio

Technically #4 can be calculated using #1, #2 and #3, but it's not a
particularly obvious calculation, so we opt to display it explicitly.
The original patch by Lukas Fittl only displayed the hit ratio, but
there was a fear that might lead to more questions about how that was
calculated.  The idea with displaying all 4 is to be transparent which
may allow queries to be tuned more easily.  For example, if #2 isn't
correct then maybe extended statistics or a manual n_distinct estimate can
be used to help fix poor plan choices.

Author: Ilia Evdokimov <[email protected]>
Author: Lukas Fittl <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAP53Pky29GWAVVk3oBgKBDqhND0BRBN6yTPeguV_qSivFL5N_g%40mail.gmail.com
reshke pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Nov 25, 2025
truncate_useless_pathkeys() seems to have neglected to account for
PathKeys that might be useful for WindowClause evaluation.  Modify it so
that it properly accounts for that.

Making this work required adjusting two things:

1. Change from checking query_pathkeys to check sort_pathkeys instead.
2. Add explicit check for window_pathkeys

For #1, query_pathkeys gets set in standard_qp_callback() according to the
sort order requirements for the first operation to be applied after the
join planner is finished, so this changes depending on which upper
planner operations a particular query needs.  If the query has window
functions and no GROUP BY, then query_pathkeys gets set to
window_pathkeys.  Before this change, this meant PathKeys useful for the
ORDER BY were not accounted for in queries with window functions.

Because of #1, #2 is now required so that we explicitly check to ensure
we don't truncate away PathKeys useful for window functions.

Author: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvrj3HTKmXoLMbUjTO=_MNMxM=cnuCSyBKidAVibmYPnrg@mail.gmail.com
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3 participants