planner: fix CTE hang or wrong result when multiple Apply is used (#55553)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #55553

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #55551

Problem Summary:
ExtractOuterApplyCorrelatedCols is used to find all correlated columns which is inside CTE definition and its corresponding Apply is outside of CTE definition. Check the following diagram, ExtractOuterApplyCorrelatedCols should NOT return cor_col_3, because cor_col_3's corresponding Apply is Apply_3, which is inside CTE definition.

Why need ExtractOuterApplyCorrelatedCols: For those CTE whose result of ExtractOuterApplyCorrelatedCols(CTE_definition) is not empty, we need to re-compute the definition of CTE.

// For Plan-2, the result of ExtractOuterApplyCorrelatedCols(CTE-2) will not return cor_col_3.
// Because Apply_3 is inside CTE-2.
// Plan-2:
//
//	Apply_2
//	 |_ outerSide
//	 |_ Selection(cor_col_2)
//	     |_CTEExec(CTE-2)
//	CTE-2
//	 |_ Apply_3
//	     |_ outerSide
//	     |_ innerSide(cor_col_3)

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: AilinKid, XuHuaiyu

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-09-24 09:48:20.45693709 +0000 UTC m=+1559370.197361030: ☑️ agreed by AilinKid.
• 2024-09-25 06:14:00.837802171 +0000 UTC m=+1632910.578226109: ☑️ agreed by XuHuaiyu.

[guo-shaoge]

/retest

[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: The following tests failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/check_dev_2	06bd8c1	link	true	/test check-dev2
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/check_dev	06bd8c1	link	true	/test check-dev

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