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处理一些事实性错误，增加实用信息 #1501

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18 changes: 9 additions & 9 deletions content/zh-cn/docs/medicine/risk.md
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Expand Up @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ weight: 10
## 雌激素用药风险

雌激素最常见的药物不良反应有：**乳房紧张/乳房疼痛、腹痛、水肿与头痛。** [^1]\
最严重的不良反应有：**静脉血栓（严重时可导致心肌梗塞与中风）与乳腺癌**[^2] [^3] [^15]。口服雌二醇或人工合成雌激素（如炔雌醇）的这项风险更大。
最严重的不良反应有：**静脉血栓（严重时可导致肺栓塞）、心血管事件（如心肌梗死和卒中）与乳腺癌**[^2] [^3] [^15]。口服雌二醇或人工合成雌激素（如炔雌醇）的这项风险更大。

下表为口服戊酸雌二醇片“[补佳乐]({{< ref "estradiol-valerate" >}})”说明书列出的各不良反应 [^2]：

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ weight: 10

### 口服与非口服天然孕酮（黄体酮）

已知口服孕酮与类似于酒精的神经甾体副作用有关[^4]。\
已知口服孕酮的神经甾体代谢物与类似于酒精的副作用有关[^4]。\
非口服孕酮无任何已知副作用。

### 人工合成孕激素（如醋酸环丙孕酮）
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ weight: 10
螺内酯最常见的不良反应有：**高钾血症，胃肠道反应（如恶心、呕吐、胃痉挛和腹泻）**[^13] [^11] [^21]。\
最严重的不良反应：**高钾血症（高风险者可引起猝死）**[^11] [^21]。

高年龄、肾功能不全、同时服用利钾药、钾补剂或含钾代用盐者属于高钾血症风险人群，须格外注意[^11]。
高年龄、肾功能不全、同时服用潴钾利尿药、钾补剂或含钾代用盐者属于高钾血症风险人群，须格外注意[^11]。

### 抗雄激素相关资料

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -172,21 +172,21 @@ weight: 10

无论如何，应在开始 GAHT 治疗或其它疾病（如精神类）的治疗之前**认真阅读说明书**，尤其是有关药物相互作用的内容；治疗期间也要不时回顾。如果懂一些英语，可以在 [Drugs.com](https://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.html) 查询两种药品（英文名称）之间是否存在相互作用。如必须并用，请注意进行密切监测；并用期间出现任何不适或异常应随诊——让医生知悉一切并对症下药，**千万别瞒着！**

##### 附录：可诱导或抑制 CYP3A4 的精神药品 [^34]
##### 附录：某些可诱导或抑制 CYP3A4 的药品 [^34]

> **粗体：有强诱导或抑制作用**
> **粗体：有较强诱导或抑制作用**
> \* 有较弱诱导或抑制作用
> 其余：作用显著性不明

```csv
诱导剂,抑制剂
**阿塞那平？**,**氟西汀**
**卡马西平**,氟伏沙明
**莫达芬尼**,**帕罗西汀**
莫达非尼,帕罗西汀
**苯巴比妥**<br>巴比妥类药或类同,奋乃静
**苯妥英**,瑞波西汀\*
**圣约翰草（贯叶连翘）**,
托吡酯,
**圣约翰草（贯叶连翘）**,**克拉霉素、红霉素（不含外用）**
托吡酯,**酮康唑（不含外用）**
```

以上未囊括所有可能存在相互作用的药品类型。如有新的药物相互作用信息，可于 [GitHub](https://github.com/project-trans/MtF-wiki/issues/828) 提交报告。
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -226,4 +226,4 @@ Newsletter*, 2012, 22(4): 3-4.
[^31]: Chung W G, Buhler D R. The Effect of Spironolactone Treatment on the Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism of the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Senecionine by Hepatic Microsomes from Rats and Guinea Pigs [J]. *Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology*, 1994, 127(2): 314–319. \[DOI: [10.1006/taap.1994.1167](https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1994.1167)]
[^32]: Monroe S E, Levine L, Chang R J, et al. Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas. V, Increased Gonadotroph Responsivity in Hyperprolactinemic Women with Pituitary Adenomas [J]. *The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism*, 1981, 52(6): 1171–1178. \[DOI: [10.1210/jcem-52-6-1171](https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-52-6-1171)]
[^33]: ANI Pharmaceuticals Inc. LITHOBID&reg; U.S. Physicians Prescribing Information [EB/OL]. *Drugs@FDA*, 2022. <https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/018027s069lbl.pdf>
[^34]: Taylor D M, Barnes T R E, Young A H. The Maudsley&reg; Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry [M]. 14th ed. Hoboken, US: John Wiley & Sons, 2021: 851-855.
[^34]: Taylor D M, Barnes T R E, Young A H. The Maudsley&reg; Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry [M]. 14th ed. Hoboken, US: John Wiley & Sons, 2021: 851-855.