Add input size validation to Module.execute

[keyprocedure]

Summary

Adds input size validation to Module.execute to prevent possible silent memory corruption when too many EValue inputs are passed.

Fixes #10510

Test plan

• Added unit test TestExecuteWithTooManyInputs

• Verified by successfully running all module_test.cpp tests, except TestPTD (did not have access to ModuleLinear.ptd)

• To run locally:

  • Bypass is_fbcode guard in targets.bzl and redirect test file paths to use a locally exported ModuleAdd.pte file
  • Build and run tests via:

  buck2 build //extension/module/test:test
  buck2 run //extension/module/test:test
  

[pytorch-bot]

🔗 Helpful Links

🧪 See artifacts and rendered test results at hud.pytorch.org/pr/pytorch/executorch/10701

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[keyprocedure]

@pytorchbot label "topic: not user facing"