Add logging capabilities

[nonhermitian]

Adds Python logging capabilities to Fulqrum. An example output is:

2026-08-18 07:15:57,434 - INFO - fulqrum.core.fermi_operator - Extended JW time: 0.904 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,435 - INFO - fulqrum.core.subspace - Initializing Subspace
2026-08-18 07:15:57,435 - INFO - fulqrum.core.subspace - Full subspace bit-strings
2026-08-18 07:15:57,435 - INFO - fulqrum.core.subspace - Subspace size: 4096
2026-08-18 07:15:57,436 - INFO - fulqrum.core.subspace - Number of bits: 12
2026-08-18 07:15:57,436 - INFO - fulqrum.core.subspace - Using all bitset blocks: True
2026-08-18 07:15:57,436 - INFO - fulqrum.core.subspace - Reserve multiplier: 2
2026-08-18 07:15:57,436 - INFO - fulqrum.core.subspace - Subspace total init time: 1.226 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,437 - INFO - fulqrum.core.linear_operator - Initializing SubspaceHamiltonian
2026-08-18 07:15:57,437 - INFO - fulqrum.core.linear_operator - Number of qubits: 12
2026-08-18 07:15:57,437 - INFO - fulqrum.core.linear_operator - Num. diagonal terms 78
2026-08-18 07:15:57,438 - INFO - fulqrum.core.linear_operator - Num. off-diagonal terms 552
2026-08-18 07:15:57,438 - INFO - fulqrum.core.linear_operator - Term grouping time: 0.09 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,438 - INFO - fulqrum.core.linear_operator - Num. off-diagonal groups: 83
2026-08-18 07:15:57,438 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - Initializing FulqrumSpMV
2026-08-18 07:15:57,439 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - Operator is real
2026-08-18 07:15:57,439 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - Operator type = 2
2026-08-18 07:15:57,440 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - FulqrumSpMV total init time: 0.446 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,440 - INFO - fulqrum.core.linear_operator - SubspaceHamiltonian total init time: 2.941 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,440 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - Building CSR matrix
2026-08-18 07:15:57,441 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - Diagonal vector build time: 0.584 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,447 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - CSR structure time: 5.86 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,447 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - CSR NNZ: 102400 
2026-08-18 07:15:57,447 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - CSR use int64 indices: False 
2026-08-18 07:15:57,448 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - Est. CSR matrix size: 1.188 Mb
2026-08-18 07:15:57,448 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - Available memory size: 115777.133 Mb
2026-08-18 07:15:57,454 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - CSR fill time: 7.098 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,455 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - CSR indices sort time: 0.306 ms
2026-08-18 07:15:57,455 - INFO - fulqrum.core.spmv - CSR total matrix build time: 14.836 ms

Removes verbose kwargs in favor of this new reporting method.

Also adds documentation on how to generate logs that look like the above.

[ashsaki]

Neat and helpful feature. Approved.