rabbit_mnesia: add retries

[mkuratczyk]

Occasionally, clustering will fail with the log
as pasted before. I believe it's because of the parallel node startup, sometimes leading to crashes.

Hopefully, with retries, we'll handle this more gracefully.

Feature flags: nodes `rmq-ct-cluster_size_3_2-2-21072@localhost` and `rmq-ct-cluster_size_3_2-1-21000@localhost` are compatible

Mnesia('rmq-ct-cluster_size_3_2-2-21072@localhost'): ** ERROR ** (ignoring core) ** FATAL ** mnesia_monitor crashed:
{{badmatch, <0.203.0>, Ref<0.1988436133.884998146.137464>}},
{mnesia_monitor, handle_info, 2, [{file, "mnesia_monitor.erl"}, {line, 583}]},
gen_server, try_handle_info, 3, [{file, "gen_server.erl"}, {line, 2434}]},
gen_server, handle_msg, 3, [{file, "gen_server.erl"}, {line, 2420}]},
proc_lib, init_p_do_apply, 3, [{file, "proc_lib.erl"}, {line, 333}]}]}

Error in process <0.300.0> on node 'rmq-ct-cluster_size_3_2-2-21072@localhost' with exit value:
{badarg,[{erlang,send,
                [mnesia_locker,{release_tid,{tid,142,<24815.431.0>}}],
                [{error_info,#{module => erl_erts_errors}}]},
        {mnesia_locker,release_tid,1,[{file,"mnesia_locker.erl"},{line,128}]},
        {mnesia_tm,commit_participant,7,
                   [{file,"mnesia_tm.erl"},{line,1828}]}]}

Application mnesia exited with reason: stopped

BOOT FAILED
===========
Exception during startup:

Exit:{killed,{gen_server,call,[<0.280.0>,{negotiate_protocol,['rmq-ct-cluster_size_3_2-1-21000@localhost']},infinity]}}

   gen_server:call/3, line 1301
   mnesia_monitor:call/1, line 232
   rabbit_mnesia:-check_mnesia_consistency/2-fun-0-/2, line 1002
   rabbit_mnesia:with_running_or_clean_mnesia/1, line 1036
   rabbit_mnesia:check_cluster_consistency/2, line 719
   lists:foldl/3, line 2466
   rabbit_mnesia:check_cluster_consistency/0, line 680
   rabbit_prelaunch_cluster:setup/1, line 27

[mkuratczyk]

Example of a failure like that https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/actions/runs/22133290092/job/63978468826?pr=14825

[dumbbell]

Returning an empty list instead of raising an exception. Is this change of behaviour ok?

[mkuratczyk]

I think it is. An empty list is handled as an error in check_mnesia_consistency