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requests

基础

requests.requests(
    "url": "http://www.baidu.com",
    "method": "GET" | "POST",
    "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
    },
    "data": {
        "title": "test",
    },
    "params": {
        "order": "id",
        "size": "10",
    },
    "cookies": {
        "sessionid": "fewajkgl;dsfuhgjelrkj"
    },
    "verify": False,
)
  • 发送一个Json请求 注意, 这里如果直接使用data, 因为lib里面会判断: 不然会不传递这个参数. 而django-rest-framework哪怕是空数组也需要参数的
## requests的源码
class request.models.RequestEncodingMixin
    ...
    def _encode_params(data):
        ...
        elif hasattr(data, '__iter__'):
            result = []
            for k, vs in to_key_val_list(data):
                if isinstance(vs, basestring) or not hasattr(vs, '__iter__'):
                    vs = [vs]
                for v in vs:
                    if v is not None:  # 只有不为空,才会添加参数
                        result.append(
                            (k.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(k, str) else k,
                             v.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(v, str) else v))
            return urlencode(result, doseq=True)
        ...

示例:

requests.post(
    url=<url>,
    json=<dict>,
)

参数

  • method
  • url
  • params
  • headers
  • cookies
  • proxies 代理池 
    import requests
proxies = {
    'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3182',
    'https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',
}
requests.get('http://ipinfo.io', proxies=proxies)

Exceptions

  • ConnectionError

  • requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout
    超时了

  • HTTPError

response

  • content 二进制数据
  • json JSON数据 如果报错了，会raise simplejson.errors.JSONDecodeError, python2里面会raise ValueError
  • raise_for_status() Raises HTTPError
  • status_code 状态码
  • text 文本数据

Advanced Usage 进阶用法

Session Objects

通过Session可以保持长链接, 请求速度会快一点.

s = requests.Session()
s.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789')
r = s.get("https://httpbin.org/cookies")
print(r.text)

Ca Ceriticates

暂时关闭SSL警告

import requests
requests.urllib3.disable_warnings()