iobuf: fix operator<=> and operator== for string_view comparisons #29461

travisdowns · 2026-01-29T16:21:48Z

Summary

Fix bug in iobuf::operator<=>(string_view) where inverted stop_iteration logic caused incorrect results for multi-fragment iobufs
Simplify iobuf::operator==(string_view) to delegate to the fixed operator<=>
Add benchmarks for iobuf vs string_view comparisons

Benchmark results

operator<=>:

Test	Instructions	Runtime
sv_cmp_0000	49 -> 36 (-27%)	2.28ns -> 2.16ns (-5%)
sv_cmp_0001	87 -> 64 (-26%)	3.61ns -> 3.17ns (-12%)
sv_cmp_1024 (different)	121 -> 60 (-50%)	4.98ns -> 3.44ns (-31%)
sv_cmp_1024 (same)	256 -> 214 (-16%)	10.37ns -> 9.41ns (-9%)

operator==:

Test	Instructions	Runtime
sv_eq_0000	38 -> 30 (-21%)	2.30ns -> 1.95ns (-15%)
sv_eq_0001	83 -> 58 (-30%)	3.61ns -> 2.96ns (-18%)
sv_eq_1024 (different)	80 -> 57 (-29%)	3.70ns -> 3.25ns (-12%)
sv_eq_1024 (same)	247 -> 209 (-15%)	10.50ns -> 9.46ns (-10%)

Test plan

Unit tests added for multi-fragment iobuf <=> string_view comparisons
Benchmarks added and show consistent improvements

Backports Required

Release Notes

none

The previous implementation had inverted stop_iteration logic - it stopped when the comparison was equal and continued when not equal, causing incorrect results when the first fragment comparison determined the ordering. Replaced iterator_consumer pattern with a simpler for-each loop over fragments. Added comprehensive tests covering multi-fragment comparisons. Benchmark results (instructions, runtime): - sv_cmp_0000: 49 -> 36 inst (-27%), 2.28ns -> 2.16ns (-5%) - sv_cmp_0001: 87 -> 64 inst (-26%), 3.61ns -> 3.17ns (-12%) - sv_cmp_1024 (different): 121 -> 60 inst (-50%), 4.98ns -> 3.44ns (-31%) - sv_cmp_1024 (same): 256 -> 214 inst (-16%), 10.37ns -> 9.41ns (-9%) Runtime improvements are consistent with instruction count reductions.

Simplify operator== by delegating to the fixed operator<=> implementation. This reduces code duplication and ensures consistent comparison behavior. Benchmark results (instructions, runtime): - sv_eq_0000: 38 -> 30 inst (-21%), 2.30ns -> 1.95ns (-15%) - sv_eq_0001: 83 -> 58 inst (-30%), 3.61ns -> 2.96ns (-18%) - sv_eq_1024 (different): 80 -> 57 inst (-29%), 3.70ns -> 3.25ns (-12%) - sv_eq_1024 (same): 247 -> 209 inst (-15%), 10.50ns -> 9.46ns (-10%) Runtime improvements are consistent with instruction count reductions.

Copilot

Pull request overview

This PR fixes a bug in iobuf::operator<=>(string_view) where inverted stop iteration logic caused incorrect comparison results for multi-fragment iobufs. The fix simplifies the implementation to use a clearer loop-based approach and delegates operator== to the corrected spaceship operator for consistency.

Changes:

Fixed operator<=> logic by replacing the iterator_consumer pattern with a simpler fragment-by-fragment loop
Simplified operator== to delegate to the fixed operator<=>
Added comprehensive unit tests for multi-fragment iobuf comparisons with string_view
Added benchmarks to measure performance of iobuf vs string_view comparisons

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
src/v/bytes/iobuf.cc	Fixed `operator<=>` implementation and simplified `operator==` to use the corrected spaceship operator
src/v/bytes/tests/iobuf_tests.cc	Added unit tests for multi-fragment iobuf spaceship operator comparisons with string_view
src/v/bytes/tests/iobuf_bench.cc	Added benchmarks for iobuf vs string_view equality and comparison operations

src/v/bytes/tests/iobuf_bench.cc

travisdowns · 2026-01-29T16:23:06Z

@rockwotj - not sure about backport here, I think you added the initial (maybe only) use case?

rockwotj · 2026-01-29T16:31:19Z

Needs a backport to 25.3.x

rockwotj

very embarrassing there are so many bugs here, need some more fuzzing here

travisdowns · 2026-01-29T17:52:20Z

need some more fuzzing here

This bug was actually turned up by fuzzing, as I had added more coverage to the fuzzer. That's in another PR.

vbotbuildovich · 2026-01-29T18:49:55Z

Retry command for Build#79846

please wait until all jobs are finished before running the slash command

/ci-repeat 1
skip-redpanda-build
skip-units
skip-rebase
tests/rptest/tests/write_caching_fi_e2e_test.py::WriteCachingFailureInjectionE2ETest.test_crash_all@{"use_transactions":false}

vbotbuildovich · 2026-01-29T19:02:25Z

CI test results

test results on build#79846

test_class	test_method	test_arguments	test_kind	job_url	test_status	passed	reason	test_history
WriteCachingFailureInjectionE2ETest	test_crash_all	{"use_transactions": false}	integration	https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/79846#019c0ae7-aad5-4f7c-8e7f-5960189b3c0e	FLAKY	22/31	Test FAILS after retries.Significant increase in flaky rate(baseline=0.0841, p0=0.0027, reject_threshold=0.0100)	https://redpanda.metabaseapp.com/dashboard/87-tests?tab=142-dt-individual-test-history&test_class=WriteCachingFailureInjectionE2ETest&test_method=test_crash_all
TxAtomicProduceConsumeTest	test_basic_tx_consumer_transform_produce	{"with_failures": true}	integration	https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/79846#019c0ae7-aad1-4c77-a4db-4727e3242904	FLAKY	10/11	Test PASSES after retries.No significant increase in flaky rate(baseline=0.0050, p0=1.0000, reject_threshold=0.0100. adj_baseline=0.1000, p1=0.3487, trust_threshold=0.5000)	https://redpanda.metabaseapp.com/dashboard/87-tests?tab=142-dt-individual-test-history&test_class=TxAtomicProduceConsumeTest&test_method=test_basic_tx_consumer_transform_produce
src/v/storage/tests/storage_e2e_single_thread	src/v/storage/tests/storage_e2e_single_thread		unit	https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/79846#019c0a90-b168-4a99-8811-97a99b4ba3ef	FAIL	0/1

test results on build#79865

test_class	test_method	test_arguments	test_kind	job_url	test_status	passed	reason	test_history
coco_fixture	test_decommission		unit	https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/79865#019c0b5c-d21b-494b-9e68-0b267ae121fa	FAIL	0/1

travisdowns · 2026-01-29T19:05:26Z

/ci-repeat 1
skip-redpanda-build
skip-units
skip-rebase
tests/rptest/tests/write_caching_fi_e2e_test.py::WriteCachingFailureInjectionE2ETest.test_crash_all@{"use_transactions":false}

StephanDollberg · 2026-01-29T19:04:17Z

src/v/bytes/tests/iobuf_tests.cc

+    buf2.append_fragments(iobuf::from("a"));
+    buf2.append_fragments(iobuf::from("b"));
+    buf2.append_fragments(iobuf::from("c"));
+    // buf2 = "abc"


remove or reword what it's trying to say? Should it be ==?

Well I guess it's like "this is the equivalent assignment" rather than an assertion, but regardless removed.

StephanDollberg · 2026-01-29T19:08:21Z

src/v/bytes/iobuf.cc

-          return !are_equal ? ss::stop_iteration::yes : ss::stop_iteration::no;
-      });
-    return are_equal;
+    return _size == o.size() && (*this <=> o) == std::strong_ordering::equal;


Other method calls size_bytes(). Shoudl this too?

Yes, better to use the method, fixed.

Add sv_eq_* and sv_cmp_* benchmark cases to measure performance of iobuf::operator== and operator<=> against string_view. Uses a templated cmp_bench function with rhs_type parameter to support both iobuf-vs-iobuf and iobuf-vs-string_view comparisons. Tests both single-fragment and fragmented iobufs at sizes 0, 1, 1024.

travisdowns added 2 commits January 29, 2026 13:19

travisdowns requested review from StephanDollberg, Copilot and rockwotj January 29, 2026 16:21

github-actions bot added the area/redpanda label Jan 29, 2026

Copilot AI reviewed Jan 29, 2026

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src/v/bytes/tests/iobuf_bench.cc Show resolved Hide resolved

rockwotj previously approved these changes Jan 29, 2026

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StephanDollberg previously approved these changes Jan 29, 2026

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travisdowns dismissed stale reviews from StephanDollberg and rockwotj via 75f1508 January 29, 2026 19:31

travisdowns force-pushed the td-iobuf-sv-cmp branch from 722dc19 to 75f1508 Compare January 29, 2026 19:31

travisdowns force-pushed the td-iobuf-sv-cmp branch from 75f1508 to 5752502 Compare January 29, 2026 20:05

StephanDollberg approved these changes Jan 29, 2026

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iobuf: fix operator<=> and operator== for string_view comparisons #29461

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iobuf: fix operator<=> and operator== for string_view comparisons #29461

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travisdowns commented Jan 29, 2026 • edited by rockwotj Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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Summary

Benchmark results

Test plan

Backports Required

Release Notes

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travisdowns commented Jan 29, 2026

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vbotbuildovich commented Jan 29, 2026

Retry command for Build#79846

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CI test results

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travisdowns commented Jan 29, 2026

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travisdowns commented Jan 29, 2026 •

edited by rockwotj

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vbotbuildovich commented Jan 29, 2026 •

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