🧠 What is canery?

canery is a minimal, generic authorization engine built around a simple and explicit model:

• subject
• action
• resource
• scope

It focuses purely on authorization evaluation, not storage or product semantics.

It answers: “Can X do Y on Z within W?”

⚡ Why use it?

Most authorization solutions are either:

• too opinionated (roles, orgs, workspaces baked in)
• too heavy (full IAM platforms)

canery stays in the middle:

• ✅ explicit and predictable request model
• ✅ no framework or product lock-in
• ✅ pluggable data sources
• ✅ small, composable core
• ✅ easy to test

🚫 What it does NOT do

• ❌ does not store permissions
• ❌ does not define roles or org models
• ❌ does not include a database layer
• ❌ does not enforce product semantics

You bring those via adapters.

🚀 Quick Example

ok, err := authorizer.Check(ctx, canery.Request{
  Subject:  canery.Actor("user", userID),
  Action:   canery.Action("delete"),
  Resource: canery.Resource("document", documentID),
  Scope:    canery.Scope("project", projectID),
})

🔍 Decision Details

decision, err := authorizer.CheckDecision(ctx, canery.Request{
  Subject:  canery.Actor("user", userID),
  Action:   canery.Action("delete"),
  Resource: canery.Resource("document", documentID),
  Scope:    canery.Scope("project", projectID),
})

if decision.Allowed {
  fmt.Println(decision.Source) // "direct" or "group"
} else {
  fmt.Println(decision.Source) // "none"
  fmt.Println(decision.Reason) // e.g. "no matching permission"
}

🧱 Fluent API

ok, err := authorizer.
  For(canery.Actor("user", userID)).
  Can(canery.Action("delete")).
  Target(canery.Resource("document", documentID)).
  In(canery.Scope("project", projectID)).
  Check(ctx)

🔁 Multiple Actions

result, err := authorizer.
  For(canery.Actor("user", userID)).
  CanMany(
    canery.Action("view"),
    canery.Action("update"),
    canery.Action("delete"),
  ).
  Target(canery.Resource("document", documentID)).
  In(canery.Scope("project", projectID)).
  Check(ctx)

canUpdate, _ := result.Allowed(canery.Action("update"))

📦 Batch Checks

decisions, err := engine.BatchCheck(ctx, []canery.Request{
  {
    Subject:  canery.Actor("user", userID),
    Action:   canery.Action("view"),
    Resource: canery.Resource("document", documentID),
    Scope:    canery.Scope("project", projectID),
  },
  {
    Subject:  canery.Actor("user", userID),
    Action:   canery.Action("delete"),
    Resource: canery.Resource("document", documentID),
    Scope:    canery.Scope("project", projectID),
  },
})

🧪 Debugging (Trace)

decision, trace, err := authorizer.CheckTrace(ctx, canery.Request{
  Subject:  canery.Actor("user", userID),
  Action:   canery.Action("delete"),
  Resource: canery.Resource("document", documentID),
  Scope:    canery.Scope("project", projectID),
})

for _, step := range trace.Steps {
  fmt.Println(step.Name, step.Result)
}

_ = decision

⚙️ Default Evaluation Strategy

The default Engine uses a membership-first evaluation flow:

flowchart TD
  A[Check request] --> B[Validate request]
  B -->|invalid| X[Return validation error]
  B --> C{Resource ID present?}
  C -- yes --> D[Verify resource belongs to scope]
  D -- no --> L[Deny]
  C -- no --> E[Verify subject belongs to scope]
  D --> E
  E -- no --> L
  E --> F[Check direct subject permission]
  F --> G{Allowed?}
  G -- yes --> H[Allow]
  G -- no --> I[Resolve groups in scope]
  I --> J[Check group permissions]
  J --> K{Any allowed?}
  K -- yes --> H
  K -- no --> L[Deny]

Loading

This is just the default engine — other evaluation strategies can be implemented.

🧩 Architecture

flowchart LR
  B[Builder] --> A[Authorizer]
  A --> PA[PolicyAuthorizer]
  A --> E[Engine]
  PA --> E
  B --> R[Request]
  R --> A
  E --> M[MembershipReader]
  E --> G[GroupReader]
  E --> PR[PermissionReader]
  E --> S[ResourceScopeResolver]

Loading

🔌 Extensibility

All data access is delegated to interfaces:

• MembershipReader
• GroupReader
• PermissionReader
• ResourceScopeResolver

This keeps the core:

• stateless
• storage-agnostic
• easy to test

🧠 Policies (Optional)

authorizer := canery.NewPolicyAuthorizer(
  baseAuthorizer,
  canery.ForResourceType("document", canery.PolicyFunc(func(ctx context.Context, request canery.Request, next canery.DecisionEvaluator) (canery.Decision, error) {
    if request.Action == canery.Action("archive") {
      return canery.Decision{
        Allowed: false,
        Reason:  "policy matched",
        Source:  canery.DecisionSourceNone,
      }, nil
    }
    return next.CheckDecision(ctx, request)
  })),
)

Policies are:

• additive
• matcher-based
• optional

They do not introduce framework conventions or magic.

🧱 Adapter Pattern (Recommended)

Keep your application semantics outside the core:

package projectauthz

import "github.com/rluders/canery"

const EditDocument = canery.Action("edit")

func User(id string) canery.Subject {
  return canery.Actor("user", id)
}

func ProjectScope(id string) canery.ScopeRef {
  return canery.Scope("project", id)
}

func Document(id string) canery.ResourceRef {
  return canery.Resource("document", id)
}

Usage:

ok, err := authorizer.
  For(projectauthz.User(userID)).
  Can(projectauthz.EditDocument).
  Target(projectauthz.Document(documentID)).
  In(projectauthz.ProjectScope(projectID)).
  Check(ctx)

📂 Examples

• examples/simple → minimal core usage
• examples/advanced → realistic app setup (users, projects, roles, etc.)

Each example is a standalone Go module.

⚠️ Validation Rules

• subject → requires Type and ID
• action → must be non-empty
• resource → requires Type
• scope → requires Type and ID

Invalid requests return a structured ValidationError (errors.Is(err, canery.ErrInvalidRequest) still works)

🎯 When to use canery

Use it when you want:

• explicit, testable authorization logic
• full control over your data model
• no framework constraints

Avoid it if you need:

• a complete IAM system
• UI, policy language, or managed service
• out-of-the-box RBAC/ABAC models

📄 License

MIT