Fix index types

src/anndata/_core/anndata.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
     from zarr.storage import StoreLike
 
-    from ..compat import Index1D, XDataset
+    from ..compat import Index1D, Index1DNorm, XDataset
     from ..typing import XDataType
     from .aligned_mapping import AxisArraysView, LayersView, PairwiseArraysView
     from .index import Index
@@ -197,6 +197,11 @@ class AnnData(metaclass=utils.DeprecationMixinMeta):  # noqa: PLW1641
 
     _accessors: ClassVar[set[str]] = set()
 
+    # view attributes
+    _adata_ref: AnnData | None
+    _oidx: Index1DNorm | None
+    _vidx: Index1DNorm | None
+
     @old_positionals(
         "obsm",
         "varm",
@@ -226,8 +231,8 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
         asview: bool = False,
         obsp: np.ndarray | Mapping[str, Sequence[Any]] | None = None,
         varp: np.ndarray | Mapping[str, Sequence[Any]] | None = None,
-        oidx: Index1D | None = None,
-        vidx: Index1D | None = None,
+        oidx: Index1DNorm | int | np.integer | None = None,
+        vidx: Index1DNorm | int | np.integer | None = None,
     ):
         # check for any multi-indices that aren’t later checked in coerce_array
         for attr, key in [(obs, "obs"), (var, "var"), (X, "X")]:
@@ -237,6 +242,8 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
             if not isinstance(X, AnnData):
                 msg = "`X` has to be an AnnData object."
                 raise ValueError(msg)
+            assert oidx is not None
+            assert vidx is not None
             self._init_as_view(X, oidx, vidx)
         else:
             self._init_as_actual(
@@ -256,7 +263,12 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
                 filemode=filemode,
             )
 
-    def _init_as_view(self, adata_ref: AnnData, oidx: Index, vidx: Index):
+    def _init_as_view(
+        self,
+        adata_ref: AnnData,
+        oidx: Index1DNorm | int | np.integer,
+        vidx: Index1DNorm | int | np.integer,
+    ):
         if adata_ref.isbacked and adata_ref.is_view:
             msg = (
                 "Currently, you cannot index repeatedly into a backed AnnData, "
@@ -277,6 +289,9 @@ def _init_as_view(self, adata_ref: AnnData, oidx: Index, vidx: Index):
             vidx += adata_ref.n_vars * (vidx < 0)
             vidx = slice(vidx, vidx + 1, 1)
         if adata_ref.is_view:
+            assert adata_ref._adata_ref is not None
+            assert adata_ref._oidx is not None
+            assert adata_ref._vidx is not None
             prev_oidx, prev_vidx = adata_ref._oidx, adata_ref._vidx
             adata_ref = adata_ref._adata_ref
             oidx, vidx = _resolve_idxs((prev_oidx, prev_vidx), (oidx, vidx), adata_ref)
@@ -1004,7 +1019,9 @@ def _set_backed(self, attr, value):
 
         write_attribute(self.file._file, attr, value)
 
-    def _normalize_indices(self, index: Index | None) -> tuple[slice, slice]:
+    def _normalize_indices(
+        self, index: Index | None
+    ) -> tuple[Index1DNorm | int | np.integer, Index1DNorm | int | np.integer]:
         return _normalize_indices(index, self.obs_names, self.var_names)
 
     # TODO: this is not quite complete...

src/anndata/_core/index.py

@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@
 from .xarray import Dataset2D
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from ..compat import Index, Index1D
+    from ..compat import Index, Index1D, Index1DNorm
 
 
 def _normalize_indices(
     index: Index | None, names0: pd.Index, names1: pd.Index
-) -> tuple[slice, slice]:
+) -> tuple[Index1DNorm | int | np.integer, Index1DNorm | int | np.integer]:
     # deal with tuples of length 1
     if isinstance(index, tuple) and len(index) == 1:
         index = index[0]
     # deal with pd.Series
     if isinstance(index, pd.Series):
-        index: Index = index.values
+        index = index.values
     if isinstance(index, tuple):
         # TODO: The series should probably be aligned first
         index = tuple(i.values if isinstance(i, pd.Series) else i for i in index)
@@ -36,15 +36,8 @@ def _normalize_indices(
 
 
 def _normalize_index(  # noqa: PLR0911, PLR0912
-    indexer: slice
-    | np.integer
-    | int
-    | str
-    | Sequence[bool | int | np.integer]
-    | np.ndarray
-    | pd.Index,
-    index: pd.Index,
-) -> slice | int | np.ndarray:  # ndarray of int or bool
+    indexer: Index1D, index: pd.Index
+) -> Index1DNorm | int | np.integer:
     # TODO: why is this here? All tests pass without it and it seems at the minimum not strict enough.
     if not isinstance(index, pd.RangeIndex) and index.dtype in (np.float64, np.int64):
         msg = f"Don’t call _normalize_index with non-categorical/string names and non-range index {index}"
@@ -212,7 +205,7 @@ def _subset_awkarray(a: AwkArray, subset_idx: Index):
 
 # Registration for SparseDataset occurs in sparse_dataset.py
 @_subset.register(h5py.Dataset)
-def _subset_dataset(d, subset_idx):
+def _subset_dataset(d: h5py.Dataset, subset_idx: Index):
     if not isinstance(subset_idx, tuple):
         subset_idx = (subset_idx,)
     ordered = list(subset_idx)

src/anndata/_core/raw.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
     from typing import ClassVar
 
-    from ..compat import CSMatrix
+    from ..compat import CSMatrix, Index, Index1DNorm
     from .aligned_mapping import AxisArraysView
     from .anndata import AnnData
     from .sparse_dataset import BaseCompressedSparseDataset
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def var_names(self) -> pd.Index[str]:
     def obs_names(self) -> pd.Index[str]:
         return self._adata.obs_names
 
-    def __getitem__(self, index):
+    def __getitem__(self, index: Index) -> Raw:
         oidx, vidx = self._normalize_indices(index)
 
         # To preserve two dimensional shape
@@ -169,7 +169,9 @@ def to_adata(self) -> AnnData:
             uns=self._adata.uns.copy(),
         )
 
-    def _normalize_indices(self, packed_index):
+    def _normalize_indices(
+        self, packed_index: Index
+    ) -> tuple[Index1DNorm | int | np.integer, Index1DNorm | int | np.integer]:
         # deal with slicing with pd.Series
         if isinstance(packed_index, pd.Series):
             packed_index = packed_index.values

src/anndata/_core/views.py

@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@
     from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, KeysView, Sequence
     from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
+    from numpy.typing import NDArray
+
     from anndata import AnnData
 
+    from ..compat import Index1DNorm
+
 
 @contextmanager
 def view_update(adata_view: AnnData, attr_name: str, keys: tuple[str, ...]):
@@ -433,18 +437,24 @@ class AwkwardArrayView:
         pass
 
 
-def _resolve_idxs(old, new, adata):
-    t = tuple(_resolve_idx(old[i], new[i], adata.shape[i]) for i in (0, 1))
-    return t
+def _resolve_idxs(
+    old: tuple[Index1DNorm, Index1DNorm],
+    new: tuple[Index1DNorm, Index1DNorm],
+    adata: AnnData,
+) -> tuple[Index1DNorm, Index1DNorm]:
+    o, v = (_resolve_idx(old[i], new[i], adata.shape[i]) for i in (0, 1))
+    return o, v
 
 
 @singledispatch
-def _resolve_idx(old, new, l):
-    return old[new]
+def _resolve_idx(old: Index1DNorm, new: Index1DNorm, l: Literal[0, 1]) -> Index1DNorm:
+    raise NotImplementedError
 
 
 @_resolve_idx.register(np.ndarray)
-def _resolve_idx_ndarray(old, new, l):
+def _resolve_idx_ndarray(
+    old: NDArray[np.bool_] | NDArray[np.integer], new: Index1DNorm, l: Literal[0, 1]
+) -> NDArray[np.bool_] | NDArray[np.integer]:
     if is_bool_dtype(old) and is_bool_dtype(new):
         mask_new = np.zeros_like(old)
         mask_new[np.flatnonzero(old)[new]] = True
@@ -454,21 +464,17 @@ def _resolve_idx_ndarray(old, new, l):
     return old[new]
 
 
-@_resolve_idx.register(np.integer)
-@_resolve_idx.register(int)
-def _resolve_idx_scalar(old, new, l):
-    return np.array([old])[new]
-
-
 @_resolve_idx.register(slice)
-def _resolve_idx_slice(old, new, l):
+def _resolve_idx_slice(
+    old: slice, new: Index1DNorm, l: Literal[0, 1]
+) -> slice | NDArray[np.integer]:
     if isinstance(new, slice):
         return _resolve_idx_slice_slice(old, new, l)
     else:
         return np.arange(*old.indices(l))[new]
 
 
-def _resolve_idx_slice_slice(old, new, l):
+def _resolve_idx_slice_slice(old: slice, new: slice, l: Literal[0, 1]) -> slice:
     r = range(*old.indices(l))[new]
     # Convert back to slice
     start, stop, step = r.start, r.stop, r.step

src/anndata/_core/xarray.py

@@ -184,18 +184,6 @@ def iloc(self) -> Dataset2DIlocIndexer:
         Handler class for doing the iloc-style indexing using :meth:`~xarray.Dataset.isel`.
         """
 
-        @dataclass(frozen=True)
-        class IlocGetter:
-            _ds: XDataset
-            _coord: str
-
-            def __getitem__(self, idx) -> Dataset2D:
-                # xarray seems to have some code looking for a second entry in tuples,
-                # so we unpack the tuple
-                if isinstance(idx, tuple) and len(idx) == 1:
-                    idx = idx[0]
-                return Dataset2D(self._ds.isel(**{self._coord: idx}))
-
         return IlocGetter(self.ds, self.index_dim)
 
     # See https://github.com/pydata/xarray/blob/568f3c1638d2d34373408ce2869028faa3949446/xarray/core/dataset.py#L1239-L1248
@@ -402,3 +390,16 @@ def reindex(
     def _items(self):
         for col in self:
             yield col, self[col]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class IlocGetter:
+    _ds: XDataset
+    _coord: str
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx) -> Dataset2D:
+        # xarray seems to have some code looking for a second entry in tuples,
+        # so we unpack the tuple
+        if isinstance(idx, tuple) and len(idx) == 1:
+            idx = idx[0]
+        return Dataset2D(self._ds.isel(**{self._coord: idx}))

src/anndata/compat/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from codecs import decode
-from collections.abc import Mapping
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from functools import cache, partial, singledispatch
 from importlib.util import find_spec
 from types import EllipsisType
@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import scipy
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
 from packaging.version import Version
 from zarr import Array as ZarrArray  # noqa: F401
 from zarr import Group as ZarrGroup
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import Any
 
+
 #############################
 # scipy sparse array comapt #
 #############################
@@ -32,7 +34,23 @@ class Empty:
     pass
 
 
-Index1D = slice | int | str | np.int64 | np.ndarray | pd.Series
+Index1DNorm = slice | NDArray[np.bool] | NDArray[np.integer]
+# TODO: pd.Index[???]
+Index1D = (
+    # 0D index
+    int
+    | str
+    | np.int64
+    # normalized 1D idex
+    | Index1DNorm
+    # different containers for mask, obs/varnames, or numerical index
+    | pd.Series  # bool, int, str
+    | pd.Index
+    | NDArray[np.str_]
+    | Sequence[int]
+    | Sequence[str]
+    | Sequence[bool]
+)
 IndexRest = Index1D | EllipsisType
 Index = (
     IndexRest