ci: Update Python version and gcovr version

[shawngao-org]

• Upgraded Python version from 3.8 to 3.12.7
• Upgraded gcovr version from 5.0 to 8.3
• Fixed the sign processing logic in the string tool

Summary by Sourcery

Update Python and gcovr versions, and improve sign processing logic in string parsing

Bug Fixes:

• Corrected sign processing logic in integer parsing to handle positive and negative signs more robustly

CI:

• Upgraded Python version to 3.12.7 in GitHub Actions workflow
• Updated gcovr installation to version 8.3

[sourcery-ai]

Reviewer's Guide by Sourcery

This pull request updates the Python version to 3.12.7 and the gcovr version to 8.3 in the CI configuration, and fixes the sign processing logic in the string tool.

No diagrams generated as the changes look simple and do not need a visual representation.

File-Level Changes

Change	Details	Files
Updated the Python and gcovr versions in the CI workflow.	Changed Python version from 3.8 to 3.12.7. Updated gcovr version from 5.0 to 8.3.	.github/workflows/build.yml
Fixed the sign processing logic in the string tool.	Modified the logic to correctly handle '+' and '-' signs. Ensured that the index is set correctly after processing the sign.	src/string/string_tools.c

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[sourcery-ai]

Hey @shawngao-org - I've reviewed your changes - here's some feedback:

Overall Comments:

• The conditional logic for the sign processing in parse_int could be simplified.
• Consider adding a comment explaining why gcovr was upgraded to version 8.3.

Here's what I looked at during the review

• 🟢 General issues: all looks good
• 🟢 Security: all looks good
• 🟢 Testing: all looks good
• 🟢 Complexity: all looks good
• 🟢 Documentation: all looks good

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
7.1% Duplication on New Code (required ≤ 3%)

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud