[main] Bump go to 1.24.1

[bewebi]

Description

• Bump go to 1.24.1
  • Bump cloud-builders to 0.12.1, corresponding with the same Go bump

Context

golang/go#71984 describes CVE-2025-22870 which is patched in go1.24.1

The CVE is not yet picked up in trivy scans

Testing steps

Because the CVE is not yet picked up in trivy scans, we do not have anything to "test" against

Checklist:

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works

[solo-changelog-bot]

Issues linked to changelog:
https://github.com/solo-io/solo-projects/issues/7958

[github-actions]

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