linkedin-jobs-scraper

Scrape public available jobs on Linkedin using headless browser.

• 🔑 Session management: long running session with auto recovery
• 🐢 Adaptive rate limiting: auto adjust scraping speed to avoid rate limiting
• 📄 Fields parser: job_id, link, apply_link, title, company, company_link, company_img_link, place, description, description_html, date, date_text, insights
• 🔍 Filters: relevance, time, type, experience, industry, salary, remote, company
• 📡 Events hooks: data, metrics, errors
• 🚀 Headless support: can run in background

Warning

For personal or educational use only. All extracted data is publicly available on LinkedIn and remains owned by LinkedIn. I am not responsible for any inappropriate use of data extracted through this library.

Sponsored by

NinjaPear

Scrape+Enrich rich B2B profile data in real-time.

Table of Contents

• Requirements
• Installation
• Usage
• Authentication
• Adaptive Rate limiting
• Filters
• Company filter
• Logging
• License

Requirements

• Chrome or Chromium
• Python >= 3.10

Selenium automatically downloads a Chromedriver matching your Chrome version. You can also specify custom paths like so:

scraper = LinkedinScraper(
    chrome_executable_path='/path/to/chromedriver',
    chrome_binary_location='/path/to/chrome',
)

Installation

Install package:

pip install linkedin-jobs-scraper

Usage

import logging
from linkedin_jobs_scraper import LinkedinScraper
from linkedin_jobs_scraper.events import Events, EventData, EventMetrics
from linkedin_jobs_scraper.query import Query, QueryOptions, QueryFilters
from linkedin_jobs_scraper.filters import RelevanceFilters, TimeFilters, TypeFilters, ExperienceLevelFilters, \
    OnSiteOrRemoteFilters, SalaryBaseFilters

# Change root logger level (default is WARN)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)


# Fired once for each successfully processed job
def on_data(data: EventData):
    print('[ON_DATA]', data.title, data.company, data.company_link, data.date, data.date_text, data.link, data.insights,
          len(data.description))


# Fired once for each page (25 jobs)
def on_metrics(metrics: EventMetrics):
    print('[ON_METRICS]', str(metrics))


def on_error(error):
    print('[ON_ERROR]', error)


def on_end():
    print('[ON_END]')


scraper = LinkedinScraper(
    chrome_executable_path=None,  # Custom Chrome executable path (e.g. /foo/bar/bin/chromedriver)
    chrome_binary_location=None,  # Custom path to Chrome/Chromium binary (e.g. /foo/bar/chrome-mac/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium)
    chrome_options=None,  # Custom Chrome options here
    headless=True,  # Overrides headless mode only if chrome_options is None
    max_workers=1,  # How many threads will be spawned to run queries concurrently (one Chrome driver for each thread)
    slow_mo=0.8,  # Minimum seconds slept between jobs, to avoid 'Too many requests 429' errors. Minimum 0.2, default 0.8
    adaptive_slow_mo=True,  # Slow down automatically when Linkedin throttles the run, then ease back. See 'Rate limiting'
    page_load_timeout=40,  # Page load timeout (in seconds)
    user_data_dir=None,  # Chrome profile reused across runs, so the scraper keeps its own session. See 'Authentication'
    interactive_login=False  # Sign in by hand on the first run, when user_data_dir holds no session. Requires a display
)

# Add event listeners
scraper.on(Events.DATA, on_data)
scraper.on(Events.ERROR, on_error)
scraper.on(Events.END, on_end)

queries = [
    Query(
        options=QueryOptions(
            limit=27  # Limit the number of jobs to scrape.            
        )
    ),
    Query(
        query='Engineer',
        options=QueryOptions(
            locations=['United States', 'Europe'],
            apply_link=True,  # Try to extract apply link (easy applies are skipped). If set to True, scraping is slower because an additional page must be navigated. Default to False.
            skip_promoted_jobs=True,  # Skip promoted jobs. Default to False.
            page_offset=2,  # How many pages to skip
            limit=5,
            filters=QueryFilters(
                company_jobs_url='https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search/?f_C=1441%2C17876832%2C791962%2C2374003%2C18950635%2C16140%2C10440912&geoId=92000000',  # Filter by companies.                
                relevance=RelevanceFilters.RECENT,
                time=TimeFilters.MONTH,
                type=[TypeFilters.FULL_TIME, TypeFilters.INTERNSHIP],
                on_site_or_remote=[OnSiteOrRemoteFilters.REMOTE],
                experience=[ExperienceLevelFilters.MID_SENIOR],
                base_salary=SalaryBaseFilters.SALARY_100K
            )
        )
    ),
]

scraper.run(queries)

Authentication

The scraper needs a LinkedIn session. There are two ways to give it one: pick the one that matches where the scraper runs. Both keep the session alive on their own, so a long run is not interrupted when LinkedIn expires it.

	Chrome profile	Cookie pair
Runs on	A machine with a display	Anywhere, no display needed
Setup	Sign in once, in a browser window	Two environment variables
Lasts	As long as the profile is kept	About a year
Concurrency	max_workers forced to 1	Unrestricted

1. Chrome profile

Sign in once into a Chrome profile that the scraper then reuses:

python -m linkedin_jobs_scraper.login --user-data-dir ~/.linkedin-jobs-scraper

A browser window opens on the sign in page. Sign in there, ticking "Keep me logged in" — that is what makes the profile reusable. The password is typed into the browser: nothing in this package reads, stores or transmits it.

Then point the scraper at the same profile:

scraper = LinkedinScraper(user_data_dir='~/.linkedin-jobs-scraper')

To skip the separate command and have the first run do the sign in instead:

scraper = LinkedinScraper(
    user_data_dir='~/.linkedin-jobs-scraper',
    interactive_login=True,
)

interactive_login requires user_data_dir and waits up to 10 minutes for a human, so leave it off (the default) anywhere nobody is watching, such as CI or a server. Chrome locks a profile directory, so max_workers is forced to 1 whenever user_data_dir is set.

2. Cookie pair

You can use LinkedIn's remember me cookies (li_rm and bcookie) as environment variables to obtain a session. Useful on a remote machine where a browser window is not available (you still need a machine with a browser window to obtain them the first time). Both variables are required.

export LI_RM_COOKIE='<li_rm value>'
export LI_BCOOKIE='<bcookie value>' # keep the double quote " characters the value contains
python your_app.py

Get the two values by running the sign in command above on a machine that has a display: it prints them at the end, quoted and ready to export.

Warning

Do not copy these two cookies out of your browser's developer tools: use the sign in command described above instead.

Setting user_data_dir as well is worth it if the host has storage that survives across runs: the session is then reused instead of being requested again at the start of each run.

Fallback: a bare session cookie

LI_AT_COOKIE takes the li_at session cookie on its own. This one can be copied straight out of your own Chrome browser. Sign in, then open Chrome developer tools:

Go to tab Application, then from the left panel select Storage -> Cookies -> https://www.linkedin.com, locate the row named li_at and copy the Value column.

LI_AT_COOKIE=<your li_at cookie value here> python your_app.py

This cookie cannot be renewed: LinkedIn expires it after a while, and a run that loses it stops. Expect to replace it by hand. Prefer one of the two modes described above if possible.

Session events

SESSION_REFRESHED fires whenever the scraper ends up holding a session cookie different from the one it was given. Listen to it if you have nowhere else to store a session and want to reuse it on the next run:

from linkedin_jobs_scraper.events import Events, EventSession

def on_session_refreshed(session: EventSession):
    print('store this for the next run:', session.li_at)

scraper.on(Events.SESSION_REFRESHED, on_session_refreshed)

INVALID_SESSION fires when every credential supplied was refused, immediately before the run aborts with InvalidCookieException. It takes no arguments:

def on_invalid_session():
    print('LinkedIn refused every credential')

scraper.on(Events.INVALID_SESSION, on_invalid_session)

Note

Changed in 6.0.0: INVALID_SESSION used to fire whenever a session cookie went missing, which normally happened right before a new one was issued and the run carried on. It now fires only when authentication has actually failed. If you were using it to know when to harvest a fresh cookie, use SESSION_REFRESHED instead.

Adaptive Rate limiting

Requests failing with the status code 429 mean you are sending too many requests and Linkedin is throttling them. Two parameters control this:

• slow_mo: seconds slept between jobs. Higher is safer, at least 0.2, default 0.8.
• max_workers: how many queries run concurrently. One worker is recommended.

slow_mo sets the fastest the run will ever go, not a fixed delay: with adaptive_slow_mo on (the default) the run starts at that speed and slows itself down whenever Linkedin pushes back.

• On every 429, the delay between jobs doubles, up to min(10, slow_mo * 10) seconds.
• After 20 jobs in a row without a 429, the delay shrinks back towards slow_mo, and never goes below it.
• When a whole page is throttled, the scraper waits and asks for it again: first 5s, then 15s, then 45s. A short burst of throttling no longer ends the query.

Pass adaptive_slow_mo=False to make slow_mo a fixed delay instead.

The METRICS event reports both numbers:

• throttled: how many 429s the run has met.
• pace: the delay currently slept between jobs.

Filters

It is possible to customize queries with the following filters:

• RELEVANCE:
  • RELEVANT
  • RECENT
• TIME:
  • DAY
  • WEEK
  • MONTH
  • ANY
• TYPE:
  • FULL_TIME
  • PART_TIME
  • TEMPORARY
  • CONTRACT
• EXPERIENCE LEVEL:
  • INTERNSHIP
  • ENTRY_LEVEL
  • ASSOCIATE
  • MID_SENIOR
  • DIRECTOR
• ON SITE OR REMOTE:
  • ON_SITE
  • REMOTE
  • HYBRID
• INDUSTRY:
  • AIRLINES_AVIATION
  • BANKING
  • CIVIL_ENGINEERING
  • COMPUTER_GAMES
  • ENVIRONMENTAL_SERVICES
  • ELECTRONIC_MANUFACTURING
  • FINANCIAL_SERVICES
  • INFORMATION_SERVICES
  • INVESTMENT_BANKING
  • INVESTMENT_MANAGEMENT
  • IT_SERVICES
  • LEGAL_SERVICES
  • MOTOR_VEHICLES
  • OIL_GAS
  • SOFTWARE_DEVELOPMENT
  • STAFFING_RECRUITING
  • TECHNOLOGY_INTERNET
• BASE SALARY:
  • SALARY_40K
  • SALARY_60K
  • SALARY_80K
  • SALARY_100K
  • SALARY_120K
  • SALARY_140K
  • SALARY_160K
  • SALARY_180K
  • SALARY_200K
• COMPANY:
  • See below

See the following example for more details:

from linkedin_jobs_scraper.query import Query, QueryOptions, QueryFilters
from linkedin_jobs_scraper.filters import RelevanceFilters, TimeFilters, TypeFilters, ExperienceLevelFilters, \
    OnSiteOrRemoteFilters, IndustryFilters, SalaryBaseFilters
query = Query(
    query='Engineer',
    options=QueryOptions(
        locations=['United States'],        
        apply_link=True,
        skip_promoted_jobs=True,
        limit=5,
        filters=QueryFilters(
            relevance=RelevanceFilters.RECENT,
            time=TimeFilters.MONTH,
            type=[TypeFilters.FULL_TIME, TypeFilters.INTERNSHIP],
            experience=[ExperienceLevelFilters.INTERNSHIP, ExperienceLevelFilters.MID_SENIOR],
            on_site_or_remote=[OnSiteOrRemoteFilters.REMOTE],
            industry=[IndustryFilters.IT_SERVICES],
            base_salary=SalaryBaseFilters.SALARY_100K
        )
    )
)

Industry Filter

You will probably need to add the industry filter to the IndustryFilters class in filters.py

To find the numeric code for the industry:

1. Perform the search on LinkedIn in a browser, with the industry filter applied.
2. The numeric code is in the URL, immediately after f_I . For example URL https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search/?currentJobId=3661007408&distance=25&f_E=3%2C4&f_I=43%2C46%2C41%2C45&f_JT=F%2CC&geoId=102257491&keywords=Product%20Owner&refresh=true contains text f_I=43%2C46%2C41%2C45 indicating a filter is applied on industry codes 43, 46, 41 and 45.

Company Filter

It is also possible to filter by company using the public company jobs url on LinkedIn. To find this url you have to:

1. Login to LinkedIn using an account of your choice.
2. Go to the LinkedIn page of the company you are interested in (e.g. https://www.linkedin.com/company/google).
3. Click on jobs from the left menu.

4. Scroll down and locate See all jobs or See jobs button.

5. Right click and copy link address (or navigate the link and copy it from the address bar).
6. Paste the link address in code as follows:

query = Query(    
    options=QueryOptions(        
        filters=QueryFilters(
            # Paste link below
            company_jobs_url='https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search/?f_C=1441%2C17876832%2C791962%2C2374003%2C18950635%2C16140%2C10440912&geoId=92000000',        
        )
    )
)

Logging

Package logger can be retrieved using namespace li:scraper. Default level is INFO. It is possible to change logger level using environment variable LOG_LEVEL or in code:

import logging

# Change root logger level (default is WARN)
logging.basicConfig(level = logging.DEBUG)

# Change package logger level
logging.getLogger('li:scraper').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Optional: change level to other loggers
logging.getLogger('urllib3').setLevel(logging.WARN)
logging.getLogger('selenium').setLevel(logging.WARN)

License

MIT License

If you like the project and want to contribute you can donate something here!