Structured Concurrency & Virtual Threads

Problem: Concurrency is hard—threads are expensive, tasks leak, errors get lost.Solution: Use virtual threads (cheap, one-per-task) with structured concurrency (tasks live and die within a scope) to make code simple, safe, and scalable.

Key Ideas

• Virtual Threads: JVM-managed, lightweight; write blocking code without exhausting OS threads. Great for I/O-bound work.

• Structured Concurrency: Start tasks in a scope; join/cancel together; propagate errors and timeouts predictably.