bit: Use std::byte in bit_cast implementation

[stotko]

C++17 also introduced std:.byte as a distinct type to better represent a collection of bits. Since the type aliasing rules for reinterpret_cast have been extended accordingly to also allow std::byte in addition to char and unsigned char, port the implementation of bit_cast to this new type.

Partially addresses #314

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Base: 97.14% // Head: 97.14% // No change to project coverage 👍

Coverage data is based on head (561b6c9) compared to base (fa11236).
Patch coverage: 100.00% of modified lines in pull request are covered.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #329   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   97.14%   97.14%           
=======================================
  Files          32       32           
  Lines        2346     2346           
=======================================
  Hits         2279     2279           
  Misses         67       67           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/stdgpu/impl/bit_detail.h	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

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