Update rust Docker image to rust:1.88.0-slim

[dgburr]

Description

Update rust Docker image to the latest version (rust:1.88.0-slim). This fixes the following build error when trying to compile sbp2json:

error: failed to compile `sbp2json v6.2.2-alpha (https://github.com/swift-nav/libsbp.git#635fc94f)`, intermediate artifacts can be found at `/tmp/cargo-installwOcSKv`

Caused by:
  package `textwrap v0.16.2` cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.70 or newer, while the currently active rustc version is 1.67.1
  Either upgrade to rustc 1.70 or newer, or use
  cargo update -p [email protected] --precise ver
  where `ver` is the latest version of `textwrap` supporting rustc 1.67.1

Also bump the haskell and python benchmarking Docker images to debian:bookworm-slim to fix the benchmark step in CI.

API compatibility

Does this change introduce a API compatibility risk?

No

API compatibility plan

If the above is "Yes", please detail the compatibility (or migration) plan:

N/A

JIRA Reference

https://swift-nav.atlassian.net/browse/BOARD-XXXX

[armallen]

@dgburr The Haskell step can't run because it's using ubuntu-20.04 runner, which are not available anymore.
Updating the workflow to run on ubuntu-24.04 fixes the issue (see change here and workflow result here

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed for 'libsbp-c'

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud