[release/public-v3.0.0]: Final Documentation Update for v3.0.0 release

[gspetro-NOAA]

Description

Final documentation update for v3.0.0 release.

• Update the Introduction section of the documentation and README with the final release date & DOI
• Update links to documentation, data, etc. (including info on new platforms)
• Update the git clone command to reflect the release branch/tag (not develop)
• Update version numbers for physics, components
• Update images & add alt text to images
• Resolve/remove all comments from the documentation.
• Miscellaneous updates

Anticipated changes to regression tests:

• Is baseline change expected ? No.

Subcomponents involved:

• apply_incr.fd (NOAA-PSL/land-apply_jedi_incr)
• ufs_model.fd (ufs-community/ufs-weather-model)
• UFS_UTILS.fd (ufs-community/UFS_UTILS)
• calcfIMS.fd (NOAA-EPIC/land-SCF_proc)
• jcb-algorithms (NOAA-EPIC/jcb-algorithms)
• jcb-gdas (NOAA-EPIC/jcb-gdas)
• none

Linked PR's and Issues:

Closes #302

Testing (for CM's):

• RDHPCS
  • Gaea-c6
  • Hera
  • Hercules
  • Orion
  • Ursa
• CI
  • Completed
• WE2E
  • Completed
• PW-Clouds
  • AWS
  • AZURE
  • GCP

[chan-hoo]

@gspetro-NOAA , this pr is set to be merged into develop. Can you change it to release/public-v3.0.0 ?