ICU-23101 Add extended year test for Chinese, Gregorian, Japanese, ...

[sffc]

Added test for the extended year. I can also add tests for other things.

Checklist

• Required: Issue filed: ICU-23101
• Required: The PR title must be prefixed with a JIRA Issue number. Example: "ICU-1234 Fix xyz"
• Required: Each commit message must be prefixed with a JIRA Issue number. Example: "ICU-1234 Fix xyz"
• Issue accepted (done by Technical Committee after discussion)
• Tests included, if applicable
• API docs and/or User Guide docs changed or added, if applicable

[FrankYFTang]

Could we also add the same test to Java if a C++ test is needed.