ICU-23247 BRS 78: Bump the runs-on value of all GitHub workflows to the current versioned values corresponding to -latest

[eggrobin]

Checklist

• Required: Issue filed: ICU-23247
• Required: The PR title must be prefixed with a JIRA Issue number. Example: "ICU-NNNNN Fix xyz"
• Required: Each commit message must be prefixed with a JIRA Issue number. Example: "ICU-NNNNN Fix xyz"
• Issue accepted (done by Technical Committee after discussion)
• Tests included, if applicable
• API docs and/or User Guide docs changed or added, if applicable
• Approver: Feel free to merge on my behalf

[markusicu]

changes lgtm, but several CI checks fail :-(

[markusicu]

At a glance, looks like different checks have different failures. Docs build: I see warnings, not failures. depstest on one bot is completely broken. Windows SDK missing. etc.

Maybe @richgillam + @roubert or other team members can help.