Add CI workflow for testing documentation examples #3619

Job	Run time
codespell	15s
copyright_check	7s
examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	2m 20s
examples_clang-format	5s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	2m 21s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	2m 23s
ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	2m 13s
macos-14_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	2m 23s
ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	46s
macos-13_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	2m 23s
ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	1s
python_module_test_ubuntu_latest	42s
windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	1m 56s
ubuntu-22.04_g++-11_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	1s
windows_cl2019_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	2m 7s
windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	1m 46s
doc_examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx11_relwithdebinfo	46s
examples_macos-15_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	1m 35s
examples_windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	45s
examples_windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	1s
documentation	1s
pages	1s
	24m 58s

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