Add CI workflow for testing documentation examples #3627

Job	Run time
codespell	30s
copyright_check	5s
examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	3m 51s
examples_clang-format	6s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	3m 45s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	4m 43s
ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	20m 13s
macos-14_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	14m 0s
ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	17m 23s
macos-13_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	29m 28s
python_module_test_ubuntu_latest	42s
windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	15m 6s
ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	14m 31s
windows_cl2019_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	20m 56s
ubuntu-22.04_g++-11_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	16m 58s
windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	15m 38s
doc_examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	1m 27s
examples_macos-15_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	2m 50s
examples_windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	6m 1s
examples_windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	6m 15s
documentation	50s
pages	0s
	3h 15m 18s

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