Add CI workflow for testing documentation examples #3632

Job	Run time
copyright_check	6s
doc_examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	41s
codespell	15s
examples_clang-format	7s
examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	1m 37s
doc_examples_windows-2022_cl_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	17s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	1m 39s
ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	1m 10s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	1m 38s
ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	1m 38s
ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	1m 38s
examples_macos-15_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	1m 17s
ubuntu-22.04_g++-11_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	49s
macos-14_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	1m 30s
python_module_test_ubuntu_latest	1s
macos-13_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	1m 28s
examples_windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	1s
examples_windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	1m 17s
windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	1s
windows_cl2019_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	1s
windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	56s
documentation	1s
pages	1s
	18m 9s

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