Add CI workflow for testing documentation examples #3638

Job	Run time
codespell	15s
copyright_check	5s
examples_clang-format	6s
doc_examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	38s
examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	3m 38s
ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	3m 37s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	3m 39s
ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	3m 38s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	3m 39s
examples_macos-15_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	2m 41s
ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	3m 40s
macos-14_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	3m 40s
ubuntu-22.04_g++-11_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	3m 38s
python_module_test_ubuntu_latest	40s
macos-13_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	3m 38s
doc_examples_windows-2022_cl_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	49s
examples_windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	3m 21s
windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	2m 15s
examples_windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	3m 6s
windows_cl2019_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	2m 15s
windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	2m 42s
documentation	50s
pages	0s
	52m 30s

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