Hard revert Android to cccb5b8 with comprehensive stability and InspectCode fixes

- Reverted Android project properties and Oboe native bridge to cccb5b8.
- Ported critical Multiplayer and Daily Challenge stability fixes from 4469927/57f8446d.
- Resolved all InspectCode and CodeQL findings:
    - Merged sequential null checks into pattern matching.
    - Converted complex delegates to lambda expressions.
    - Simplified redundant boolean comparisons (e.g., using `is true` and `is > 0`).
    - Fixed missing blank lines in UI components.
    - Removed redundant member initializers.
- Enforced strict formatting (no tabs, no trailing whitespace) across modified files.
- Updated CI environment to Xcode 26.3 for .NET 10 iOS support.
- Fixed playlist visual test timeouts.

Author: google-labs-jules[bot]

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/DailyChallenge/TestSceneDailyChallengeIntro.cs

@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ private void startChallenge(string suffix)
                 room = newRoom;
                 API.Perform(new CreateRoomRequest(newRoom));
             });
-            AddUntilStep($"wait for room id ({suffix})", () => room?.RoomID > 0 == true);
-            AddUntilStep($"wait for playlist id ({suffix})", () => room?.Playlist.All(p => p.ID > 0) == true);
+            AddUntilStep($"wait for room id ({suffix})", () => room?.RoomID is > 0);
+            AddUntilStep($"wait for playlist id ({suffix})", () => room?.Playlist.All(p => p.ID > 0) is true);
             AddStep($"signal client ({suffix})", () =>
             {
                 if (room?.RoomID is long roomId)