chore: add cloud-backed phase 1 calibration workflow

[cdc-as81]

Summary

• Add direct, MRP, Docker, and Azure cloud runner support for phase 1 calibration.
• Add cloud, Docker, and MRP configuration files plus a Dockerfile.cloud for containerized calibration tasks.
• Extend the Makefile with cloud calibration, Docker image build, cleanup, help, and size/concurrency controls.
• Package importation linelist and state population data so cloud/container runs can avoid network and Census API dependencies.
• Update the COVID model adapter to run as an MRP task and emit the canonical phase 1 CSV output contract.
• Add tests covering cloud config loading, runner selection, output parsing, offline importation data, scoring, and config defaults.