[workspace] Upgrade vtk_internal to latest commit

Author: tyler-yankee

tools/workspace/vtk_internal/patches/upstream/io_import_errors.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[vtk] Restore IO import error forwarding
+
+Feed through the proper observers as opposed to raising globally.
+
+--- IO/Import/vtkGLTFImporter.cxx
++++ IO/Import/vtkGLTFImporter.cxx
+@@ -417,6 +417,8 @@ int vtkGLTFImporter::ImportBegin()
+   vtkNew<vtkEventForwarderCommand> forwarder;
+   forwarder->SetTarget(this);
+   this->Loader->AddObserver(vtkCommand::ProgressEvent, forwarder);
++  this->Loader->AddObserver(vtkCommand::WarningEvent, forwarder);
++  this->Loader->AddObserver(vtkCommand::ErrorEvent, forwarder);
+
+   // Check extension
+   std::vector<char> glbBuffer;

tools/workspace/vtk_internal/repository.bzl

@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ def vtk_internal_repository(
         # TODO(jwnimmer-tri) Once there's a tagged release with support for
         # VTK_ABI_NAMESPACE, we should switch to an official version number
         # here. That probably means waiting for the VTK 10 release.
-        commit = "4200a02757df119c8c4ca8a66f1e52729522b1f5",
-        sha256 = "8e2c070127586d5e9d0c3cdd33ca87b08a7dd5b21237922576cb1d1f4d0e7631",  # noqa
+        commit = "02b9b138d3a12cf594e8d393b92a390f762c799f",
+        sha256 = "aa2061f67119c8cca332a205db560bb59619578fe802d6d29527c2542975ec6a",  # noqa
         build_file = ":package.BUILD.bazel",
         patches = [
             # Drake's conventions for VTK patches are:
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ def vtk_internal_repository(
             # - Use alphabetical order within a directory when listing patches.
             ":patches/upstream/common_core_rm_iostream.patch",
             ":patches/upstream/io_geometry_gltf_default_scene.patch",
+            ":patches/upstream/io_import_errors.patch",
             ":patches/upstream/rendering_opengl2_scaled_albedo_for_ibl.patch",
             ":patches/upstream/vtkpugixml_global_ctor.patch",
             ":patches/common_core_nobacktrace.patch",