Fix local versioning to match PyPA standards and modern setuptools requirements [UPDATE]

[fabiencastan]

Some fixes on top of #2774.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.57%. Comparing base (b21ca05) to head (f816c8e).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on develop.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #2904      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    79.55%   79.57%   +0.01%     
===========================================
  Files           51       51              
  Lines         6974     6971       -3     
===========================================
- Hits          5548     5547       -1     
+ Misses        1426     1424       -2     

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