Add retrieval methods to ResourceLoader for querying cached resource paths (C++, C#, GDScript) #73976

Job	Run time
📊 Static checks / Code style, file formatting, and docs	59s
🍏 iOS / Template (target=template_release)	1m 47s
🤖 Android / Editor (target=editor)	7m 37s
🍎 macOS / Editor (target=editor)	5m 29s
🤖 Android / Template arm32 (target=template_debug, arch=arm32)	3m 46s
🍎 macOS / Template (target=template_release)	3m 46s
🌐 Web / Template w/ threads (target=template_release, threads=yes)	3m 7s
🤖 Android / Template arm64 (target=template_debug, arch=arm64)	4m 7s
🌐 Web / Template w/o threads (target=template_release, threads=no)	3m 18s
🐧 Linux / Editor w/ Mono (target=editor)	23m 33s
🐧 Linux / Editor with ThreadSanitizer (target=editor, dev_build=yes, use_tsan=yes, use_llvm=yes, linker=lld)	10m 35s
🐧 Linux / Minimal template (target=template_release, everything disabled)	2m 13s
🏁 Windows / Editor w/ clang-cl (target=editor, use_llvm=yes)	5m 49s
🐧 Linux / Editor with clang sanitizers (target=editor, dev_build=yes, use_asan=yes, use_ubsan=yes, use_llvm=yes, linker=lld)	10m 5s
🏁 Windows / Template (target=template_release)	6m 15s
🐧 Linux / Editor with doubles and GCC sanitizers (target=editor, dev_build=yes, scu_build=yes, precision=double, use_asan=yes, use_ubsan=yes, linker=mold)	15m 21s
🐧 Linux / Template w/ Mono, debug (target=template_debug)	5m 11s
🐧 Linux / Template w/ Mono, release (target=template_release)	22m 22s
🏁 Windows / Template w/ GCC (target=template_release, use_mingw=yes)	2m 23s
🏁 Windows / Editor (target=editor)	8m 31s
	2h 26m 14s

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