Browser
A browser is an application that provides an interface for fetching, modifying, and presenting data on the web. Browsers are how the vast majority of people interact with the web, making them important to understand when developing web applications. The fetching process of a browser begins when a user enters a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in the browser. The URL of a website is analogous to an address of a house. Every web resource has a unique URL just like how every house has a unique address. Once the browser finds a resource, it displays it using the Document Object Model.
Every webpage begins its lifecycle by creating the DOM of the page. The DOM is a tree of nodes, each representing a piece of the document. The DOM can be manipulated programmatically with JavaScript. The two most prominent ways of manipulating the DOM are AJAX and JQuery. AJAX or Asynchronous JavaScript and XML refers to the modification of the DOM by using JavaScript functions. JQuery is a framework that makes AJAX calls easier. For the most part, this makes JQuery the better choice when modifying the DOM. Although JQuery is the most popular library for DOM manipulation, many others are available for use.
The Document Object Model (Eriksson, 2012)
