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MEAN
MEAN is an acronym that refers to a software stack consisting of MongoDB, Express.js, Angular.js, and Node.js. Usually, software stacks require writing software in a variety of different languages to work properly. However, every component of the MEAN stack is directly focused on JavaScript. This focus allows the MEAN stack to have a wide appeal for developing web applications.
MongoDB is a document based NoSQL database released in 2009. Instead of utilizing classic SQL database schemes, it opts for a JSON document based model. MongoDB integrates easily with Node.js and can be queried using JavaScript, making it a popular choice.
Express.js is a web application framework for Node.js. Express.js was created to be a minimal framework with extensibility via plugins. It has become the standard for the vast majority of Node.js web applications though its ease of use and lightweight nature.
Angular.js is a frontend JavaScript framework created by Google. Angualr.js was built to assist the development of complex single page applications. Angular.js separates the client from the server, and DOM manipulation from application logic in order to manage their complexity.
Node.js is an asynchronous web server that is scripted in JavaScript. Node.js is the core of the MEAN stack that all of the other parts connect through. Node handles the HTTP requests made by Angular.js on the client side, interprets it with the help of Express.js, and manipulates data in the MongoDB database.