fix(android): resolve INSTALL_PARSE_FAILED_NO_CERTIFICATES in .NET 10

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
             -p:Version="${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}" \
             -p:ApplicationDisplayVersion="${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}" \
             -p:ApplicationVersion="${{ github.run_number }}" \
-            -p:AndroidKeyStore=true \
+            -p:AndroidKeyStore="true" \
             -p:AndroidSigningKeyStore="${{ github.workspace }}/osu.Android/osu.keystore" \
             -p:AndroidSigningKeyAlias="${{ secrets.ANDROID_SIGNING_KEY_ALIAS }}" \
             -p:AndroidSigningKeyPass="${{ secrets.ANDROID_SIGNING_KEY_PASSWORD }}" \
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ jobs:
             -p:Version="${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}" \
             -p:ApplicationDisplayVersion="${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}" \
             -p:ApplicationVersion="${{ github.run_number }}" \
-            -p:AndroidKeyStore=false
+            -p:AndroidKeyStore="false"
 
       - name: Find APK
         id: find_apk

osu.Android.props

@@ -5,23 +5,21 @@
     <AndroidPackageFormat>apk</AndroidPackageFormat>
     <MandroidI18n>CJK;Mideast;Rare;West;Other;</MandroidI18n>
     <AndroidHttpClientHandlerType>Xamarin.Android.Net.AndroidMessageHandler</AndroidHttpClientHandlerType>
-    <!-- NullabilityInfoContextSupport is disabled by default for Android -->
     <NullabilityInfoContextSupport>true</NullabilityInfoContextSupport>
     <EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>true</EmbedAssembliesIntoApk>
+
+    <!-- Suppress XA1006 warning (TargetFrameworkVersion vs targetSdkVersion) -->
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);XA1006</NoWarn>
+    <MSBuildWarningsAsMessages>$(MSBuildWarningsAsMessages);XA1006</MSBuildWarningsAsMessages>
+
     <!-- Suppress XA0141 page-size warnings during build. The actual .so files are patched
          to 16 KB alignment by build/PatchElfPageSize.targets, but the SDK check runs before
          the patch in some build orderings. This suppression is harmless since we do fix them. -->
     <AndroidPageSize16KBCompatibilityCheck>false</AndroidPageSize16KBCompatibilityCheck>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <!-- Patch NuGet-provided .so files that ship with 4 KB ELF alignment to 16 KB.
-       See build/PatchElfPageSize.targets for details.
-       TODO: Remove once ppy.Veldrid.SPIRV ships 16 KB-aligned native libraries. -->
   <Import Project="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)build\PatchElfPageSize.targets" />
 
-  <!-- Release-only optimisations: AOT for low-latency gameplay, trimming for smaller APK.
-       Suppress trim analysis warnings because the project uses reflection extensively
-       (Newtonsoft.Json, Realm, AutoMapper, RuntimeBinder). -->
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'">
     <RunAOTCompilation>true</RunAOTCompilation>
     <AndroidEnableProfiledAot>true</AndroidEnableProfiledAot>
@@ -32,30 +30,18 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'">
-    <!-- Force Microsoft.CSharp into the trimmer input graph (.NET 10+).          -->
-    <!-- A bare TrimmerRootAssembly is ignored if the assembly is not in the      -->
-    <!-- linker's input set; adding this reference ensures it is included.       -->
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" Version="4.7.0" NoWarn="NU1510" />
     <TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Microsoft.CSharp" RootMode="all" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <!-- IMPORTANT: ppy.osu.Framework.Android v2026.318.0 only ships net8.0-android34.0 assets.
-         NuGet silently falls back to those assets when the app targets net10.0-android (API 36).
-         This is safe because .NET guarantees backward compatibility for loading net8.0 assemblies
-         in a net10.0 runtime, and Android API changes between 34→36 are additive.
-         TODO: Remove this comment once ppy.osu.Framework.Android ships net10.0-android assets. -->
     <PackageReference Include="ppy.osu.Framework.Android" Version="2026.318.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <!-- Fody does not handle Android build well, and warns when unchanged.
-         Since Realm objects are not declared directly in Android projects, simply disable Fody. -->
     <DisableFody>true</DisableFody>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <!-- Fix for .NET 10 Android AOT misclassifying non-managed assets in runtime pack.
-       This is critical for Android 16 (API 36) which has stricter manifest/parsing rules. -->
   <Target Name="FixRuntimePackAssetTypes" AfterTargets="ResolveRuntimePackAssets;ComputeFilesToPublish">
     <ItemGroup>
       <RuntimePackAsset Update="@(RuntimePackAsset)" Condition="'%(Extension)' != '.dll'">

osu.Android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="sh.ppy.osulazer" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="36" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="35" />
 	<application android:extractNativeLibs="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:largeHeap="true">
         <provider android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider" android:authorities="sh.ppy.osulazer.fileprovider" android:grantUriPermissions="true" android:exported="false">
             <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/filepaths" />

osu.Android/OsuGameActivity.cs

@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ namespace osu.Android
     [IntentFilter(new[] { Intent.ActionView }, Categories = new[] { Intent.CategoryBrowsable, Intent.CategoryDefault }, DataSchemes = new[] { "osu", "osump" })]
     public class OsuGameActivity : AndroidGameActivity, ISurfaceHolderCallback
     {
+        protected OsuGameActivity(IntPtr handle, JniHandleOwnership transfer) : base()
+        {
+        }
+
         private static readonly string[] osu_url_schemes = { "osu", "osump" };
 
         public ScreenOrientation DefaultOrientation = ScreenOrientation.Unspecified;

osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!-- using a different name because package name cannot contain 'catch' -->
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Catch_Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="36" />
-	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!catch Test" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="35" />
+	<application android:extractNativeLibs="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!catch Test" />
 </manifest>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Mania.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="36" />
-	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!mania Test" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="35" />
+	<application android:extractNativeLibs="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!mania Test" />
 </manifest>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Osu.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="36" />
-	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!standard Test" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="35" />
+	<application android:extractNativeLibs="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!standard Test" />
 </manifest>

osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Rulesets.Taiko.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="36" />
-	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!taiko Test" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="35" />
+	<application android:extractNativeLibs="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!taiko Test" />
 </manifest>

osu.Game.Tests.Android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="osu.Game.Tests.Android" android:installLocation="auto">
-	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="36" />
-	<application android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!visual Test" />
+	<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="33" android:targetSdkVersion="35" />
+	<application android:extractNativeLibs="true" android:allowBackup="true" android:supportsRtl="true" android:label="osu!visual Test" />
 </manifest>

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsRoomCreation.cs

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public void TestPlaylistItemSelectedOnCreate()
                 ];
             });
 
-            AddAssert("first playlist item selected", () => match.SelectedItem.Value == room.Playlist[0]);
+            AddAssert("first playlist item selected", () => room.Playlist.Count > 0 && match.SelectedItem.Value == room.Playlist[0]);
         }
 
         [Test]

osu.Game.Tests/Visual/Playlists/TestScenePlaylistsRoomSubScreen.cs

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public void TestBeatmapAndRuleset_FollowSelection()
             AddStep("load screen", () => LoadScreen(new TestPlaylistsScreen(screen = new TestPlaylistsRoomSubScreen(room))));
             AddUntilStep("wait for load", () => screen.IsLoaded);
 
-            AddStep("select first item", () => screen.SelectedItem.Value = room.Playlist[0]);
+            AddStep("select first item", () => screen.SelectedItem.Value = room.Playlist.FirstOrDefault());
             AddUntilStep("first beatmap selected", () => Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo.Equals(importedSet.Beatmaps[0]));
             AddUntilStep("osu ruleset selected", () => Ruleset.Value.Equals(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo));
 
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ public void TestUserStyle_Reset_OnFreestyleDisabled()
             AddUntilStep("user style reset", () => screen.UserBeatmap.Value == null && screen.UserRuleset.Value == null);
             AddUntilStep("beatmap/ruleset set", () => Beatmap.Value.BeatmapInfo.Equals(importedSet.Beatmaps[0]) && Ruleset.Value.Equals(new OsuRuleset().RulesetInfo));
 
-            AddStep("select first playlist item", () => screen.SelectedItem.Value = room.Playlist[0]);
+            AddStep("select first playlist item", () => screen.SelectedItem.Value = room.Playlist.FirstOrDefault());
 
             // Set mods (DT+HR), validate by selecting second playlist item where only DT is allowed.
             AddStep("set user mods style", () => screen.UserMods.Value = [new OsuModDoubleTime(), new OsuModHardRock()]);

osu.Game/Online/Multiplayer/MultiplayerClient.cs

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ private set
         /// <summary>
         /// The <see cref="MultiplayerRoomUser"/> corresponding to the local player, if available.
         /// </summary>
-        public virtual MultiplayerRoomUser? LocalUser => Room?.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.User?.Id == API.LocalUser.Value.Id);
+        public virtual MultiplayerRoomUser? LocalUser => Room?.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.UserID == API.LocalUser.Value.Id);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether the <see cref="LocalUser"/> is the host in <see cref="Room"/>.
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ await runOnUpdateThreadAsync(() =>
                 APIRoom.ChannelId = joinedRoom.ChannelID;
                 APIRoom.Host = joinedRoom.Host?.User;
                 APIRoom.Playlist = joinedRoom.Playlist.Select(item => new PlaylistItem(item)).ToArray();
-                APIRoom.CurrentPlaylistItem = APIRoom.Playlist.Single(item => item.ID == joinedRoom.Settings.PlaylistItemId);
+                APIRoom.CurrentPlaylistItem = APIRoom.Playlist.FirstOrDefault(item => item.ID == joinedRoom.Settings.PlaylistItemId);
                 // The server will null out the end date upon the host joining the room, but the null value is never communicated to the client.
                 APIRoom.EndDate = null;
 
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ private void updateLocalRoomSettings(MultiplayerRoomSettings settings)
             APIRoom.Type = Room.Settings.MatchType;
             APIRoom.QueueMode = Room.Settings.QueueMode;
             APIRoom.AutoStartDuration = Room.Settings.AutoStartDuration;
-            APIRoom.CurrentPlaylistItem = APIRoom.Playlist.Single(item => item.ID == settings.PlaylistItemId);
+            APIRoom.CurrentPlaylistItem = APIRoom.Playlist.FirstOrDefault(item => item.ID == settings.PlaylistItemId);
             APIRoom.AutoSkip = Room.Settings.AutoSkip;
 
             SettingsChanged?.Invoke(settings);

osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DailyChallenge/DailyChallengeCarousel.cs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public override bool Remove(Drawable drawable, bool disposeImmediately)
         {
             int index = content.IndexOf(drawable);
 
-            if (index > 0)
+            if (index >= 0)
                 navigationFlow.Remove(navigationFlow[index], true);
 
             return base.Remove(drawable, disposeImmediately);

osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/DailyChallenge/NewDailyChallengeNotification.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>. Licensed under the MIT Licence.
 // See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
 
+using osu.Framework.Screens;
 using System.Linq;
 using osu.Framework.Allocation;
-using osu.Framework.Screens;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
 using osu.Game.Beatmaps.Drawables.Cards;
 using osu.Game.Configuration;
 using osu.Game.Localisation;
@@ -18,8 +19,6 @@ public partial class NewDailyChallengeNotification : SimpleNotification
     {
         private readonly Room room;
 
-        private BeatmapCardNano card = null!;
-
         public NewDailyChallengeNotification(Room room)
         {
             this.room = room;
@@ -29,7 +28,18 @@ public NewDailyChallengeNotification(Room room)
         private void load(OsuGame? game, SessionStatics statics)
         {
             Text = DailyChallengeStrings.ChallengeLiveNotification;
-            Content.Add(card = new BeatmapCardNano((APIBeatmapSet)room.Playlist.Single().Beatmap.BeatmapSet!));
+
+            var item = room.Playlist.FirstOrDefault();
+
+            if (item?.Beatmap.BeatmapSet is APIBeatmapSet beatmapSet)
+            {
+                Content.Add(new BeatmapCardNano(beatmapSet)
+                {
+                    RelativeSizeAxes = Axes.X,
+                    Width = 1,
+                });
+            }
+
             Activated = () =>
             {
                 if (statics.Get<bool>(Static.DailyChallengeIntroPlayed))
@@ -40,11 +50,5 @@ private void load(OsuGame? game, SessionStatics statics)
                 return true;
             };
         }
-
-        protected override void Update()
-        {
-            base.Update();
-            card.Width = Content.DrawWidth;
-        }
     }
 }

osu.Game/Screens/OnlinePlay/Matchmaking/Match/PlayerPanelOverlay.cs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ private void onUserJoined(MultiplayerRoomUser user) => Scheduler.Add(() =>
 
         private void onUserLeft(MultiplayerRoomUser user) => Scheduler.Add(() =>
         {
-            panels.Single(p => p.RoomUser.Equals(user)).HasQuit = true;
+            if (panels.FirstOrDefault(p => p.RoomUser.Equals(user)) is { } panel) panel.HasQuit = true;
             updateDisplay();
         });
 

osu.Game/Screens/Play/HUD/SpectatorList.cs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
         [Resolved]
         private SpectatorClient client { get; set; } = null!;
 
-        [Resolved]
+        [Resolved(CanBeNull = true)]
         private GameplayState gameplayState { get; set; } = null!;
 
         [Resolved]
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
         {
             base.LoadComplete();
 
-            ((IBindable<LocalUserPlayingState>)userPlayingState).BindTo(gameplayState.PlayingState);
+            if (gameplayState != null) ((IBindable<LocalUserPlayingState>)userPlayingState).BindTo(gameplayState.PlayingState);
 
             multiplayerPlayers.BindTo(multiplayerClient.CurrentMatchPlayingUserIds);
             multiplayerPlayers.BindCollectionChanged((_, _) => removePlayersFromMultiplayerRoom());

osu.Game/Tests/Visual/Multiplayer/TestMultiplayerClient.cs

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public void RemoveUser(APIUser user)
             ((IMultiplayerClient)this).UserLeft(clone(new MultiplayerRoomUser(user.Id)));
 
             if (ServerRoom.Users.Any())
-                TransferHost(ServerRoom.Users.First().UserID);
+                TransferHost(ServerRoom.Users.FirstOrDefault()?.UserID ?? 0);
         }
 
         public void ChangeRoomState(MultiplayerRoomState newState)
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ protected override async Task<MultiplayerRoom> JoinRoomInternal(long roomId, str
             if (password != ServerAPIRoom.Password)
                 throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid password.");
 
-            lastPlaylistItemId = ServerAPIRoom.Playlist.Max(item => item.ID);
+            lastPlaylistItemId = ServerAPIRoom.Playlist.Any() ? ServerAPIRoom.Playlist.Max(item => item.ID) : 0;
 
             var localUser = new MultiplayerRoomUser(api.LocalUser.Value.Id)
             {
@@ -741,7 +741,10 @@ private async Task updateCurrentItem(MultiplayerRoom room, bool notify = true)
             Debug.Assert(ServerRoom != null);
 
             // Pick the next non-expired playlist item by playlist order, or default to the most-recently-expired item.
-            MultiplayerPlaylistItem nextItem = upcomingItems.FirstOrDefault() ?? ServerRoom.Playlist.OrderByDescending(i => i.PlayedAt).First();
+            MultiplayerPlaylistItem? nextItem = upcomingItems.FirstOrDefault() ?? ServerRoom.Playlist.OrderByDescending(i => i.PlayedAt).FirstOrDefault();
+
+            if (nextItem == null)
+                return;
 
             currentIndex = ServerRoom.Playlist.IndexOf(nextItem);
 
@@ -811,7 +814,16 @@ private async Task updatePlaylistOrder(MultiplayerRoom room)
         private T clone<T>(T incoming)
         {
             byte[] serialized = MessagePackSerializer.Serialize(typeof(T), incoming, SignalRUnionWorkaroundResolver.OPTIONS);
-            return MessagePackSerializer.Deserialize<T>(serialized, SignalRUnionWorkaroundResolver.OPTIONS);
+            var result = MessagePackSerializer.Deserialize<T>(serialized, SignalRUnionWorkaroundResolver.OPTIONS);
+
+            if (result is MultiplayerRoom room)
+            {
+                if (room.Host is { } host) host.User = ServerRoom!.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.UserID == host.UserID)?.User;
+
+                foreach (var user in room.Users) user.User = ServerRoom!.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.UserID == user.UserID)?.User;
+            }
+
+            return result;
         }
 
         public override Task DisconnectInternal()