ci(build-and-test-differential): add jazzy to differential matrix

[xmfcx]

• Parent Issue: Add build-and-test-differential checks for ROS 2 Jazzy as well #375
• Add ROS 2 Jazzy to the build-and-test-differential workflow matrix alongside Humble
• Remove CUDA container variants (no packages in autoware_tools use CUDA/TensorRT)
• Switch to ubuntu-latest runner and upgrade actions/checkout to v6

Why

• autoware_tools lacked Jazzy CI for PR differential builds. This adds Jazzy coverage to catch regressions before merge, complementing the build-and-test workflow update in ci(build-and-test): add jazzy to build-and-test matrix #386.

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Test plan

• Open a PR with the tag:run-build-and-test-differential label and verify both humble and jazzy matrix jobs run
• Check that codecov flags appear as differential-humble and differential-jazzy

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[xmfcx]

@mitsudome-r we should also update the required workflows here: https://github.com/autowarefoundation/autoware_tools/settings/rules/938178 before merging this.

We can make humble version required right away.

• But for jazzy, we should make sure ci(build-and-test): add jazzy to build-and-test matrix #386 is merged and it passes for jazzy.

[xmfcx]

Updated https://github.com/autowarefoundation/autoware_tools/settings/rules/938178