Upgrade Externals May 2025

[Aiden2244]

Towards #22928

The bulk of May external upgrades, minus the Bazel upgrade (see #22929) and the venv upgrade (coming soon).

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This change is 

[jwnimmer-tri]

@drake-jenkins-bot linux-jammy-clang-bazel-experimental-everything-release please

Flake #20344.

[sherm1]

+@jwnimmer-tri for feature review or delegation, please

Reviewable status: LGTM missing from assignee jwnimmer-tri(platform), needs at least two assigned reviewers, commits need curation (https://drake.mit.edu/reviewable.html#curated-commits), missing label for release notes (waiting on @Aiden2244)

[jwnimmer-tri]

both +(status: single reviewer ok) pending discussions below. (When making the fixes, be sure to amend the correct commit.)

Reviewed 37 of 37 files at r1, all commit messages.
Reviewable status: 3 unresolved discussions, when planning a "properly curated" merge commit the PR must always be rebased onto latest master (waiting on @Aiden2244)

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-- commits line 27 at r1:
nit This abseil commit title should say "... to latest commit". Somehow the last word got lost.

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tools/workspace/abseil_cpp_internal/patches/inline_namespace.patch line 14 at r1 (raw file):

 // be changed to a new, unique identifier name.  In particular "head" is not
 // allowed.

nit Here and a few more times within this patch file, do not remove the single-space blank lines. They are an integral part of a patch file. (In general, don't "remove trailing whitespace" in your editor when editing patch files.)

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tools/workspace/crate_universe/lock/details/defs.bzl.orig line 0 at r1 (raw file):
Don't commit this file.

[Aiden2244]

Reviewable status: 2 unresolved discussions, when planning a "properly curated" merge commit the PR must always be rebased onto latest master (waiting on @Aiden2244)

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tools/workspace/abseil_cpp_internal/patches/inline_namespace.patch line 14 at r1 (raw file):

Previously, jwnimmer-tri (Jeremy Nimmer) wrote…

nit Here and a few more times within this patch file, do not remove the single-space blank lines. They are an integral part of a patch file. (In general, don't "remove trailing whitespace" in your editor when editing patch files.)

My editor would remove trailing whitespace with every save... it should be ok now.

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tools/workspace/crate_universe/lock/details/defs.bzl.orig line at r1 (raw file):

Previously, jwnimmer-tri (Jeremy Nimmer) wrote…

Don't commit this file.

Done.

[jwnimmer-tri]

Reviewed 2 of 2 files at r2, all commit messages.
Reviewable status: when planning a "properly curated" merge commit the PR must always be rebased onto latest master (waiting on @Aiden2244)

[jwnimmer-tri]

BTW also needs a rebase before we can merge.

[Aiden2244]

Done!

Reviewable status: when planning a "properly curated" merge commit the PR must always be rebased onto latest master (waiting on @Aiden2244)

[jwnimmer-tri]

The master you used for rebase was 1 commit stale. Needs another.