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Virology
A public repository of scientific and media resources of SARS-CoV-2 related COVID-19 maintained by ITER.
- Virology Basics (largely based on the American Society for Microbiology web structure) [to be reformatted soon]
- Animal Models & Epizootic Infections
- Evolution & Phylogenetics
- Host Immune Response
- Proteins & Translation
- RNA Replication
- Virus Assembly, Protein Processing and Structure
- Viral Entry & Receptors
- Viral Replicate/Non-Structural Proteins/Enzymes
Section to describe the different mechanisms and tropism that the virus displays. Under construction...
A gene locus that controls expression of ACE2 in virus infection
A previously uncharacterized gene in SARS-CoV-2 and the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic
Another Decade, Another Coronavirus
A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response to severe COVID-19
ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor
ACE2 shedding and furin abundance in target organs may influence the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 entry
ACE2: The Only Thing That Matters?
A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
Airway expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and proteases, TMPRSS2 and furin, in severe asthma
Analysis the susceptibility of lung cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System
Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics
CD147/EMMPRIN Acts as a Functional Entry Receptor for Measles Virus on Epithelial Cells
Complement as a target in COVID-19?
Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge
Coronavirus infections and immune responses
COVID‐19 in the heart and the lungs: could we “Notch” the inflammatory storm?
COVID-19. Transport of respiratory droplets in a microclimatologic urban scenario
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Cyclophilin–CD147 interactions: a new target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics
Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility
Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells
Evolutionary stasis of viruses? | Reply to ‘Evolutionary stasis of viruses?’
Evaluation of antibody testing for SARS-Cov-2 using ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays
Human ACE2 receptor polymorphisms predict SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility
Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2
Individual variation of the SARS-CoV2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation
Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia
Immunoglobulin fragment F(ab')2 against RBD potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses?
Isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from the first US COVID-19 patient
Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins
Mechanistic modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 disease map
Meplazumab treats COVID-19 pneumonia: an open-labelled, concurrent controlled add-on clinical trial
Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses
Pandemics: spend on surveillance, not prediction
Persistent viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces - a rapid review
Prisoners of war — host adaptation and its constraints on virus evolution
Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak
Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic
Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence
SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion
SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein
SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle: Stages and Inhibition Targets
SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes
SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells
Structural basis for inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARS-CoV-2 by remdesivir
Structural basis of receptor cognition by SARS-CoV-2
Structural Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Priming by TMPRSS2
Structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and predictions of the human interactome
Structural interactions between pandemic SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and human Furin protease
Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase
Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor
Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and different domestic animals to SARS-coronavirus-2
Targeting the Endocytic Pathway and Autophagy Process as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in COVID-19
The biology of influenza viruses
The insert sequence in SARS-CoV-2 enhances spike protein cleavage by TMPRSS
The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2
TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes
Tracking virus outbreaks in the twenty-first century
Unveiling diffusion pattern and structural impact of the most invasive SARS-CoV-2 spike mutation
Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19
Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19
Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples
We shouldn’t worry when a virus mutates during disease outbreaks
Widely available lysosome targeting agents should be considered as a potential therapy for COVID-19
A Comprehensive Review of Animal Models for Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV
A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis
A SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model in Mice Demonstrates Protection by Neutralizing Antibodies
A versatile mouse model of COVID-19
Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets
ARDS and Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Caribbean Vervets
Comparison of Transgenic and Adenovirus hACE2 Mouse Models for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model
Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19
Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferret
Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2
Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2
Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters
Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques
Proteomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells reveals therapy targets
SARS-CoV-2 infects and damages the mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons of hamsters
Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2
A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology
A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China
A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size
A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence
ACE2 diversity in placental mammals reveals the evolutionary strategy of SARS-CoV-2
Analysis of Rapidly Emerging Variants in Structured Regions of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome
Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure
Equine arteritis virus is not a togavirus but belongs to the coronaviruslike superfamily
Evaluation of NGS-based approaches for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome characterisation
Evidence of significant natural selection in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in bats, not humans
Genomic Analysis of Early SARS-CoV-2 Variants Introduced in Mexico
High‐Coverage SARS‐CoV‐2 Genome Sequences Acquired by Target Capture Sequencing
Identification of super-transmitters of SARS-CoV-2
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins
Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets
Genotyping coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: Methods and implications
Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Possible Bat Origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses: a first look
Six reference-quality genomes reveal evolution of bat adaptations
Snapshot of the evolution and mutation patterns of SARS-CoV-2
Spike mutation pipeline reveals the emergence of a more transmissible form of SARS-CoV-2
The evolutionary history of ACE2 usage within the coronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus
Validation of Variant Assembly Using HAPHPIPE with Next-Generation Sequence Data from Viruses
Virus Isolation from the First Patient with SARS-CoV-2 in Korea
A possible role of immunopathogenesis in COVID-19 progression
An inflammatory cytokine signature helps predict COVID-19 severity and death
Autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions at the crossroad of COVID-19
Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections
Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19
Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals
Cross-reactive antibody response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections
Cross-sectional evaluation of humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike
Cross-talk between the airway epithelium and activated immune cells defines severity in COVID-19
Cytokine biomarkers of COVID-19
Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals
Gut microbiota may underlie the predisposition of healthy individuals to COVID-19
Homologous 2′,5′-phosphodiesterases from disparate RNA viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity
Human B cell clonal expansion and convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2
IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2
Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19
Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent
Immunogenic profile of SARS-CoV-2 spike in individuals recovered from COVID-19
Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Mechanisms of Immunopathological Changes in COVID-19
Longitudinal immune profiling reveals distinct features of COVID-19 pathogenesis
Modulation of Extracellular ISG15 Signaling by Pathogens and Viral Effector Proteins
Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling
Mutations from bat ACE2 orthologs markedly enhance ACE2-Fc neutralization of SARS-CoV-2
Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Proteomics Uncovers Immunosuppression in COVID-19 Patients with Long Disease Course
SARS-CoV-2 epitopes are recognized by a public and diverse repertoire of human T-cell receptors
SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray for global profiling of COVID-19 specific IgG and IgM responses
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls
SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and serum IgA/IgG immune responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 + T cells
Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections display specific IgG Fc structures
Targeted Immunosuppression Distinguishes COVID-19 from Influenza in Moderate and Severe Disease
The Dynamic Changes of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during the Infection and Recovery of COVID-19
Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection
Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition
Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19
Will we see protection or reinfection in COVID-19?
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing
Codon Usage and Phenotypic Divergences of SARS-CoV-2 Genes
Critical Differences Between the Binding Features of the Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
Cytologic and molecular correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nasopharynx
Data, reagents, assays and merits of proteomics for SARS-CoV-2 research and testing
Genomic determinants of pathogenicity in SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses
High-Resolution Analysis of Coronavirus Gene Expression by RNA Sequencing and Ribosome Profiling
Integrative Vectors for Regulated Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Implicated in RNA Metabolism
Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera
Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity
Nidovirales: evolving the largest RNA virus genome
RNA-GPS Predicts SARS-CoV-2 RNA Residency to Host Mitochondria and Nucleolus
Structural Basis for RNA Replication by the SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase
Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase
Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors
A direct RNA-protein interaction atlas of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in infected human cells
An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2
Architecture and self-assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein
Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Deducing the N- and O- glycosylation profile of the spike protein of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Discovery of G-quadruplex-forming sequences in SARS-CoV-2
High-surety isothermal amplification and detection of SARS-CoV-2, including with crude enzymes Identification of common deletions in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
Ligand-centered assessment of SARS-CoV-2 drug target models in the Protein Data Bank
Persistence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Aerosol Suspensions
Specific viral RNA drives the SARS CoV-2 nucleocapsid to phase separate
Structural analysis of the putative SARS-CoV-2 primase complex
Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA
Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
The D614G mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike increases transduction of multiple human cell types
The SARS-CoV-2 conserved macrodomain is a highly efficient ADP-ribosylhydrolase enzyme
The sprint to solve coronavirus protein structures — and disarm them with drugs
A pH-dependent switch mediates conformational masking of SARS-CoV-2 spike
Controlling the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein conformation
Cryo-EM analysis of the post-fusion structure of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein
Does the human placenta express the canonical cell entry mediators for SARS-CoV-2?
Distinct conformational states of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Glycans on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Control the Receptor Binding Domain Conformation
High affinity binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances ACE2 carboxypeptidase activity
LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease
LY6E Restricts Entry of Human Coronaviruses, Including Currently Pandemic SARS-CoV-2
Neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig
SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein hijacks VEGF-A/Neuropilin-1 receptor signaling to induce analgesia
Single-cell longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human bronchial epithelial cells
SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes
SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells
Shielding and Beyond: The Roles of Glycans in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike
Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2
Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2
Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor
Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes
The Global Phosphorylation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variant D614G Favors an Open Conformational State
TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes
Unexpected Receptor Functional Mimicry Elucidates Activation of Coronavirus Fusion
An in silico map of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Structurome
A molecular pore spans the double membrane of the coronavirus replication organelle
Cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 3a ion channel in lipid nanodiscs
Crystal Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural Protein 9, Nsp9
Genetic architecture of host proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2
Intracellular autoactivation of TMPRSS11A, an airway epithelial transmembrane serine protease
Molecular Basis for ADP-ribose Binding to the Mac1 Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3
Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform
Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Human Respiratory Epithelium
SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists
Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2
By JMLS @resocios ![]()